高强度聚焦超声在医学领域中应用的新进展

本文综述了国内外在高强度聚焦超声（high intensity focused ultrasound，HIFU）技术方面研究与应用的新进展。介绍了HIFU的治疗功能原理，特别给出了焦斑半径的具体计算公式和对相关组织的热效应、空化效应、机械效应，辐照效应等损伤机理，重点研究了热效应随声波频率及声强变化的规律。给出了HIFU的一般试验模型即分层组织模型以及HIFU应用与临床的情况。重点研究了HIFU源，主要讨论了换能器的聚焦方式（1）球面自聚焦换能器，（2）声透镜聚焦换能器，（3）大功率多元超声换能器，（4）电子扫描或相控阵列聚焦换能器，以及频率选择与目标深度和辐照强度的关系，并指出与其匹配的几类聚焦换能器的优缺点，列举了HIFU技术在泌尿科、肿瘤学、神经外科、眼科、妇科、止血以及其他医学领域中的最新应用。最后评价了目前HIFU在治疗方面的优势与某些不足以及可能改进的有效措施．展望了HIFU技术广阔的应用前景．

Newly Progress and Application of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Medical

This paper summarizes the recent progresses in high intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） technique about research and application at home and abroad. The therapy functional principle of HIFU and the damages from thermal heat, cavitation , mechanical effect ,irradiation effect to related tissues are given. Expecially given the calculating formula of focal spot size, change law of thermal heat with sound frequency and sound intensity. Providing general test model of HIFU and clinical application.Mainly studies HIFU transducer and points out advantages and disadvantages of several matched focused transducers. Focusing methods of the transducer are discussed： self-focusing sphere transducer, sound lens focusing transducer, high-power multivariate ultrasonic transducer, electronic scanning or phased array focusing transducer. Introduced the relationship among choosed frequency ,depth and radiation intensity. The application of HIFU technique in urology, oncology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, gynecology, hemostasis and other medical fields are listed. At last ,reviewing merits and demerits of HIFU on therapy aspect at recently and possible effective measures, prospecting the broad application prospects of HIFU technique.