经眼上静脉插管栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨切开暴露眼上静脉插管介入栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的方法和疗效.方法 1996年6月至2006年6月经眼上静脉途径栓塞治疗复杂的CCF 32例,男女各16例.均以眼部症状就诊,其中9例为直接型CCF,都是经动脉途径球囊栓塞失败或复发的病例.23例为硬膜型CCF,有3例曾做过颈外动脉供血支的液体栓塞剂(NBCA)、线段或PVA颗粒的栓塞.手术在导管室采用全身麻醉,经眉切开解剖暴露眼上静脉穿刺插管进入海绵窦.栓塞材料有游离弹簧圈、电解脱弹簧圈、真丝线段、球囊和NBCA.结果 32例中完全栓塞占81.3%(26/32);残留岩下窦少量引流占12.5%(4/32);只闭塞了眼上静脉,其他引流仍有显影的占6.2%(2/32);眼部症状均有好转,没有死亡和永久性残疾.门诊随访22例,平均3.5年,没有临床症状复发.结论 切开解剖暴露眼上静脉的技术简单,经眼上静脉插管进入海绵窦的路径短直,可用包括球囊在内的多种栓塞材料填塞海绵窦.对于复杂的CCF采用眼上静脉途径栓塞是安全有效的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of endovascular embolotherapy treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCF) via superior ophthalmic vein(SOV).Methods From June 1996 to June 2006,a total of 32 patients(16 female) with complex CCF underwent endovascular embolotherapy treatment through the SOV.All of the patients visited doctor due to ocular signs and symptoms.Nine patients with direct CCF had previously undergone partial arterial balloons embolotherapy.The other 23 patients were hard mater CCF,and of which 3 had underwent NBCA,embolotherapy with line section or PVA particle.In the angiographic suite all patients underwent general anesthesia,SOV was catheterized through the eyebrow incision.Cavernous sinus was packed with free coils,detachable coils or balloons and NBCA.Results Complete embolism of the arteriovenous shunt was achieved in 81.3%(26/32).A minor residual shunt(without cortical or ocular drainage) remained in 12.5%(4/32).Only SOV was occluded in 6.2%(2/32).All patients were clinical improvement without complications.No death and permanent disability occurred.No recurrence was observed during follow-up of mean time of 3.5 years in 22 outpatients.Conclusion The operative approach to SOV is straightforward and several kind of embolic materials can be used to embolize the cavernous sinus.Endovascular occlusion of cavernous sinus through the SOV is an efficient and safe treatment in CCF.

Endovascular embolotherapy treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas via superior ophthalmic vein

Objective To evaluate the effect of endovascular embolotherapy treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCF) via superior ophthalmic vein(SOV).Methods From June 1996 to June 2006,a total of 32 patients(16 female) with complex CCF underwent endovascular embolotherapy treatment through the SOV.All of the patients visited doctor due to ocular signs and symptoms.Nine patients with direct CCF had previously undergone partial arterial balloons embolotherapy.The other 23 patients were hard mater CCF,and of which 3 had underwent NBCA,embolotherapy with line section or PVA particle.In the angiographic suite all patients underwent general anesthesia,SOV was catheterized through the eyebrow incision.Cavernous sinus was packed with free coils,detachable coils or balloons and NBCA.Results Complete embolism of the arteriovenous shunt was achieved in 81.3%(26/32).A minor residual shunt(without cortical or ocular drainage) remained in 12.5%(4/32).Only SOV was occluded in 6.2%(2/32).All patients were clinical improvement without complications.No death and permanent disability occurred.No recurrence was observed during follow-up of mean time of 3.5 years in 22 outpatients.Conclusion The operative approach to SOV is straightforward and several kind of embolic materials can be used to embolize the cavernous sinus.Endovascular occlusion of cavernous sinus through the SOV is an efficient and safe treatment in CCF.