Molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy;2. Medical Oncology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy;3. Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pathology and Histology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;1. Department of Pharmacy, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York;2. Department of Pharmacy, Erie County Medical Center Corporation, Buffalo, New York;1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;2. Department of Reproductive Genetics and Biotechnology, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Medical Bacteriology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;4. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran;5. Department of Urology, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran;1. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;2. Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;3. Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;4. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA |
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| Abstract: | The statistics are alarming; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) will be the second leading cause of death amongst all cancers by 2020. More worrisome is that incidence is on the rise, and without more effective cancer control of this disease, the trajectory of the virtually indistinguishable rates of incidence and mortality will remain the reality for years to come. Advances in genomics are beginning to clarify the key issues about the pathogenesis of this aggressive tumour type. New insights into classic pathogenic driver genes, such as KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4, are portraying alternative roles for these genes beyond their function at the preneoplastic level including metastatic dissemination and chemoresistance. Clinically relevant molecular subtypes have recently emerged, which will aid oncologists in making more informed treatment decisions to improve outcomes in the future. A wealth of data surrounding these issues has been generated over the last 5 years. Below, we attempt to bring readers up to speed on recent research findings in PDA. |
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| Keywords: | driver genes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PanIN |
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