Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States;2. Border Biomedical Research Center, Toxicology Core, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States;3. Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States;4. Department of Psychology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States;5. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States;1. Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA;3. Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA |
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| Abstract: | Virtually all nutrients from the diet are absorbed into blood across the highly polarized epithelial cell layer forming the small and large intestinal mucosa. Anatomical, histological, and functional specializations along the gastrointestinal tract are responsible for the effective and regulated nutrient transport via both passive and active mechanisms. In this chapter, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of intestinal absorption of key nutrients such as sodium, anions (chloride, sulfate, oxalate), carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides, lipids, lipid- and water-soluble vitamins, as well as the major minerals and micronutrients. This outline, including the molecular identity, specificity, and coordinated activities of key transport proteins and genes involved, serves as the background for the following chapters focused on the pathophysiology of acquired and congenital intestinal malabsorption, as well as clinical tools to test and treat malabsorptive symptoms. |
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| Keywords: | Epithelial transport Sodium Chloride Short chain fatty acids Sulfate Oxalate Carbohydrates Amino acids Lipids vitamins Minerals Micronutrients |
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