天津市滨海新区2019年饮水型地方性氟中毒监测分析

目的了解天津市滨海新区改水降氟工程运转和使用情况,掌握病区水氟含量和儿童氟斑牙病情现状,为下一步防治工作提供科学依据。方法2019年在天津市滨海新区10个街(镇),121个历史病区村开展改水工程运转情况、水氟含量和8~12岁儿童氟斑牙监测调查,并对监测结果进行统计分析。结果121个病区村中,已改水119个村,改水率98.4%。水氟合格村数113个,改水合格率95.0%。8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率33.8%(2133/6311)。水氟≤1.2 mg/L的村数有113个,氟斑牙患病率31.9%(1891/5923),水氟>2.0~4.0 mg/L的村数有5个,氟斑牙患病率49.8%(108/217),水氟>4.0 mg/L的村数有3个,氟斑牙患病率78.4%(134/171),3种不同水氟含量病区之间氟斑牙患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论滨海新区饮水型氟中毒防治工作成效显著,但仍存在部分饮用水氟含量超标地区,儿童氟斑牙仍然流行,氟中毒防治形势仍较严峻。

Monitoring results of drinking water endemic fluorosis in Binhai New Area of Tianjin, 2019

Objective To understand the operation and use of water improvement and fluoride reduction projects in Tianjin Binhai New Area, to comprehensively grasp the water fluoride content in the ward and the current status of children's fluorosis, and to provide scientific basis for the next step of prevention and treatment. Methods In 2019, we carried out monitoring and investigation on the operation status of water improvement projects, water fluoride content, and fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in 10 streets (towns) and 121 historically ill villages in Binhai New Area. Results Among the 121 ward villages, 119 villages have been converted to water, with a water conversion rate of 98.4%. The number of qualified villages for water fluoride was 113, and the qualified rate of water improvement was 95.0%. A total of 6 311 children aged 8-12 years were examined for fluorosis. The prevalence of fluorosis was 33.7%(2 133/6 311). There were 113 villages with water fluoride ≤1.2 mg/L, with dental fluorosisrate of 31.9% (1 891/5 923), 5 villages with water fluoride >2.0-4.0 mg/L, with dental fluorosisrate of 49.8% (108/217), 3 villages with water fluoride >4.0 mg/L, with dental fluorosis rate of 78.4% (134/171).The difference in the prevalence of fluoride plaque in diseased areas with different water fluoride content was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The prevention and treatment of drinking water-type fluorosis in the Binhai New Area has achieved remarkable results, but there are still areas where the drinking water has a fluorine content exceeding the standard, and children with fluorosis are still in a certain range.