2016-2019年深圳口岸入境人群感染甲型流感的流行病学特征分析

目的 分析深圳各口岸近4年入境人群感染甲型流感的流行病学特征,为口岸监测和防控甲型流感疫情提供科学依据。方法 收集2016年1月至2019年12月来自深圳各口岸发热入境人员的鼻咽拭子标本,利用实时荧光定量PCR进行甲型流感病毒检测及分型,通过Excel 2003、SPSS 20.0对不同型别的流感阳性病例的流行情况进行分析。结果 共收集104 115例发热入境人员鼻咽拭子标本,从中检出甲型流感病毒14 026例,检出率为13.5%,其中男女比例为1.75:1,甲型流感病毒检出率在51~60岁、60岁以上人群中检出率最高,分别为18.5%、18.9%。2016-2019年共出现3次甲型流感高峰,分别为2016年2-3月,以甲型H1N1为主;2017年7月,H3亚型病例激增,成为主要流行株;2018年12月,以H1N1亚型为主。结论 2016-2018年期间深圳口岸入境人员感染甲型流感病例中同时有H1N1亚型、甲型H3亚型的流行,呈现为相互交替的流行特征。发病以51岁以上人群为主,不同性别、不同年龄层流感病毒亚型检出率有差异。

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza A infection among the inbound population at Shenzhen ports, 2016-2019

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A infections among inbound passengers at Shenzhen ports in the past 4 years, and to provide a scientific basis for the monitoring and prevention of influenza A outbreaks, we collected nasopharyngeal swabs from passengers with fever at Shenzhen ports between January 2016 and December 2019. The influenza virus were detected and typed with the real-time RT-PCR method, and the prevalence of different types of influenza-positive cases of was analyzed in Excel and SPSS 20.0. A total of 104 115 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected, and 14 026 cases of influenza A virus were detected, at a detection rate of 13.5%, with a male to female ratio of 1.75:1. The detection rate of influenza A virus was highest in people 51-60 years and over 60 years of age, at rates of 18.5% and 18.9%, respectively. The detection rate of the H3 subtype was higher than that of the H1N1 subtype in all age groups. There were three peaks of influenza A in 2016 to 2018. The first was mainly H1N1, from February to April of 2016. The second was mainly the H3 subtype, which surged in July 2017 and became the main epidemic strain. The third was also mainly H1N1, from January 2019. From 2016 to 2018, both H1N1 subtypes and H3 subtypes were present among people infected with influenza A at Shenzhen ports, and alternating epidemic characteristics were observed. Influenza was primarily detected in people over 51 years of age, and the detection rates of influenza virus subtypes differed by sex and age.