上海市浦东新区低龄儿童龋危险因素分析

目的：建立幼儿园儿童的前瞻性队列,纵向研究低龄儿童龋的发病原因。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法,在上海市浦东新区城郊各抽取1所幼儿园,共240名小班儿童加入本研究。采用SPSS 21.0软件包中的χ²检验、方差分析、二项logistic回归模型和一般线性回归模型,对该队列儿童基线及随访1年后的龋患情况进行分析。结果：该队列研究前2年随访率为88.3%,基线和随访第1年儿童患龋率分别为58.3%,69.8%,龋均分别为3.1±4.2、4.5±4.9,56.1%的儿童发生新龋。Logistic回归分析显示,居住在郊区（P=0.010）和吃糖果频率较高（P=0.036）的儿童,新发龋率较高。一般线性回归方程结果显示,郊区儿童（P<0.001）,未使用含氟牙膏（P=0.003）以及吃糖果频率较高（P=0.002）的儿童,新发龋均较高。结论：居住在郊区、未使用含氟牙膏以及进食糖果频率较高,是学龄前儿童新发龋的重要危险因素。

Risk factors of dental caries among young children in Pudong New District,Shanghai

PORPOSE: To establish a prospective cohort of kindergarten children and longitudinally study the causes of early childhood caries. METHODS: Cluster random sampling was used to select a kindergarten in the urban and suburban areas of Pudong New District of Shanghai, a total of 240 small-class children joined the study. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, binomial logistic regression model and general linear regression model was used to analyze caries of the cohort children at baseline and 1 year after follow-up with SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: In the first two years of this cohort study, the follow-up rate was 88.3%, the caries rate in the first year of baseline and follow-up were 58.3% and 69.8%, and the mean dmft values were 3.1±4.2 and 4.5±4.9, respectively. 56.1% of children had new caries. Logistic regression results showed that children who lived in the suburbs (P=0.010) and ate candy more frequently (P=0.036) had higher rates of new caries. The results of general linear regression equation showed that children in the suburbs (P<0.001), those who did not use fluoridated toothpaste (P=0.003) and those who ate candy more frequently (P=0.002) had higher new mean dmft values. CONCLUSIONS: Living in the suburbs, not using fluoride toothpaste and eating candy more frequently are important risk factors for new caries in preschool children in Pudong New District of Shanghai.