健康教育路径在口腔颌面头颈部肿瘤经皮内镜胃造瘘患者中的临床应用评价

目的：探讨基于护理路径的健康教育在口腔颌面头颈部肿瘤经皮内镜胃造瘘患者中的应用效果。方法：通过文献回顾、头脑风暴和专家咨询等方法,构建口腔颌面头颈部肿瘤患者经皮内镜胃造瘘围术期的健康教育内容模型,并基于内容模型,形成路径化健康教育模式。对照组（120例）采用常规宣教方法,干预组（140例）采用路径化健康教育模式进行宣教。比较2组患者主要并发症的发生率以及患者家属居家护理知识的达标率。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行非参数秩和检验。结果：口腔颌面头颈部肿瘤经皮内镜胃造瘘患者的健康教育内容模型包含3个一级指标和30个二级指标。应用路径化健康教育模式后,患者照顾者的经皮内镜胃造瘘术后居家护理知识达标率显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,患者主要并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：应用路径化健康教育模式对口腔颌面头颈部经皮内镜胃造瘘患者照顾者进行健康教育,有利于提高健康教育质量。

Clinical application of health education pathway in oromaxillofacial head and neck tumor patients with percutaneous endoscopicgastrostomy

PURPOSE: To explore the value of health education based on nursing pathway in oromaxillofacial head and neck tumor patients with percutaneous endoscopicgastrostomy. METHODS: The content model of health education for oromaxillofacial head and neck tumor patients with percutaneous endoscopicgastrostomy was constructed through literature review, brainstorming and expert consultation. Then the path-based health education pattern was developed based on the content model. The patients in the control group accepted routine health education, while patients in the intervenient group accepted path-based health education. The data were analyzed by nonparametric rank sum test using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The content model of health education for oromaxillofacial head and neck tumor patients with percutaneous endoscopicgastrostomy consisted of 3 primary dimensions and 30 secondary items. After intervention, the home-care knowledge of the caregivers was increased(P<0.01) and incidence of major complications of patients was decreased(P<0.05) in the experimental group significantly than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The path-based health education can effectively improve the quality of health education for oromaxillofacial head and neck tumor patients with percutaneous endoscopicgastrostomy.