免疫检查点在头颈肿瘤中的研究进展

免疫检查点是指对于免疫系统进行负性调节的一组因子,与肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制密切相关,免疫检查点抑制剂已成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新策略。头颈肿瘤是当今世界第八大常见恶性肿瘤,约90%为鳞状细胞癌,致死率逐年递增,头颈鳞癌免疫检查点及其抑制剂受到广泛关注并开始被深入研究。近期免疫检查点PD1-PDL1抑制剂已被批准用于治疗晚期头颈鳞癌,同时其他免疫检查点的针对性研究也日益增多,如B7蛋白家族其他成员、CTLA-4、LAG-3等。针对这些免疫检查点的临床试验以及药物开发也在同时进行。这预示着免疫检查点靶向治疗已经成为临床上解决头颈部肿瘤的新趋势,然而当前缺乏对于头颈部肿瘤免疫检查点治疗的概括与总结,因此本文结合当前最新的文献与报道对于头颈部肿瘤的免疫检查点及其相关临床治疗进行了探讨与研究。

Research progress of immunological checkpoints in head and neck tumors

Immune checkpoint refers to a group of factors that negatively regulate the immune system，which is closely related to the immune escape mechanism of tumors.Immunological checkpoint inhibitors have become a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy.Head and neck cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor in the world，about 90% is squamous cell carcinoma，and the mortality rate is increasing year by year.The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma immunological checkpoints and their inhibitors have received extensive attention and have been studied in depth.The recent immunological checkpoint PD1-PDL1 inhibitor has been approved for the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma，and targeted research on other immune checkpoints is also increasing，such as other members of the B7 protein family，CTLA-4，LAG-3 and so on.Clinical trials and drug development for these immune checkpoints are also ongoing.This indicates that the targeted treatment of immune checkpoints has become a new trend in the clinical solution of head and neck cancer.However，there is currently no generalization and summary of the treatment of head and neck cancer immune checkpoints.Therefore，this article combines the latest literature and reports on the head.The immunological examination points of neck tumors and related clinical treatments were discussed and studied.