美沙酮维持治疗吸毒人员感染人类免疫缺陷病毒调查研究

目的 调查美沙酮维持治疗吸毒人员感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的状况,并分析导致吸毒人员感染HIV的高危因素.方法 选择2009年5月至2012年5月来宾市美沙酮维持治疗门诊收治的230例接受美沙酮维持治疗的药物依赖者为研究对象,通过问卷调查、采集血样检测HIV抗体等方式收集相关数据,并进行统计学分析.结果 HIV抗体阳性27例,感染率为11.74％,共用注射器者32例,有输血、血制品史4例,有不良性接触史20例.共用注射器与非共用注射器HIV感染率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=136.570,P=0.000）;有、无输血液、血制品史HIV感染率比较差异无统计学意义（x2=0.517,P=0.472）;有、无不良性接触史HIV感染率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=9.112,P=0.002）.结论 共用注射器静脉吸毒及不良性接触是吸毒人群感染HIV的高危因素,采取必要的手段阻断此途径是防止HIV在人群中传播的重要措施.

Study of methadone maintenance treatment for drug addicts infected with HIV

Objective To investigate the status of methadone maintenance treatment for drug addicts infected with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） ,and analyze high risk factors causing HIV to drug addicts.Methods 230 drug addicts accepting methadone maintenance treatment in Laibin Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic from May, 2009 to May, 2012 were selected as the study objects.Relevant data were gathered by questionnaires, and collecting blood samples to detect HIV antibody, etc.And the collected data were statistically analyzed.Results Positive HIV antibody was found in 27 eases.The infection rate was 11.74%.32 cases shared syringes and 4 cases had a history of blood or blood product transfusion.20 cases has a history of inappropriate sexual contact. There was significant statistical difference in HIV infection rates between those sharing syringes and not sharing syringes （X2= 136.570,P= 0.000）.But there was no significant difference in the HIV infec- tion rates of those with and without history of blood or blood product transfusion （x2= 0.517, P = 0.472）.Difference of HIV infection rates of those with or without history of inappropriate sexual contact was statistically significant （ x2 = 9. 112, P = 0. 002）.Conclusion Intravenous drug users sharing syringes and inappropriate sexual contact are high risk factors of HIV infection.Taking necessary measures to block the above-mentioned ways is important to prevent the spread of HIV in the crowd.