盐酸纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂的制备及评价

目的 制备盐酸纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂并考察制剂的纤毛毒性和体内药代动力学行为.方法 考察盐酸纳洛酮在不同pH溶液中的稳定性,不同吸收促进剂对盐酸纳洛酮的促渗透效果,筛选出适宜的处方;以离体蟾蜍上颚黏膜表面纤毛的相对运动百分率评价盐酸纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂的纤毛毒性;考察盐酸纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为.结果盐酸纳洛酮溶液在pH3.5~5.5范围内稳定,0.2%乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)促渗透效果最好;盐酸纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂的纤毛毒性小且可恢复;盐酸纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂起效快,在大鼠体内的生物利用度与肌肉注射相当.结论 本文制备的鼻腔喷雾剂体外性质稳定可控,纤毛毒性小,起效快,生物利用度高,具有较好的应用前景.

Preparation and evaluation of naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray

Objective To prepare naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray and evaluate the ciliotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of the formulation. Methods The stability of naloxone hydrochloride was studied in pH3.5-5.5. Penetration promoting effects of absorp-tion enhancers on the naloxone hydrochloride were evaluated. Nasal ciliotoxicity studies were carried out using isolated toad palate. Rats were treated with naloxone hydrochloride solution by intramuscular injection of nasal drops to evaluate the pharmacokinetics. Results Naloxone hydrochloride solution was stable in pH3.5-5.5. Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(0.2%,W/V)had the best penetration promoting effect on naloxone hydrochloride. Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray did not exhibit obvious nasal ciliotox-icity compared to the negative control. The nasal spray had a faster therapeutic effect and its bioavailability was similar to that of the in-tramuscular injection. Conclusion Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray prepared in this research is stable with no obvious nasal cilio-toxicity,has faster therapeutic effect,and good bioavailability,so may have a broad application prospect.