Therapeutic Approach in Patients with a Floating Thrombus in the Right Heart

Background

The occurrence of a floating thrombus in the right heart, although rare, is a life-threatening condition requiring a specific approach. In most cases, these thrombi are a result of embolization from deep venous thrombosis, and have lodged temporarily in the right heart. The management of this condition is variable, depending on whether or not there is a thrombus entrapped within a foramen ovale (FO).

Objectives

To present the management of 2 patients with a free-floating thrombus in the right heart, and a third patient with an entrapped thrombus in the FO.

Case Reports

Two patients with a free-floating thrombus in the right atrium who were treated with thrombolytic therapy had an immediate excellent outcome. The patient with a thrombus entrapped within the FO was scheduled for surgical removal of the thrombus due to an unacceptable risk of systemic embolization if treated with thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy. Unfortunately, he developed an ischemic stroke on the fifth day of presentation, just a few hours before the scheduled surgery, despite meticulous monitoring of continuous heparin infusion with activated partial thromboplastin time.

Conclusion

Thrombolytic therapy is recommended in patients with a free-floating thrombus in the right heart. However, in patients with a thrombus entrapped within an FO, delaying surgical removal of the thrombus may be deleterious due to unpredictable systemic embolization.