The relationship between the expression of E-cadherin and tumor recurrence and progression in high-grade stage T1 bladder urothelial carcinoma

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin (E-CD) and tumor recurrence and progression in patients with high-grade stage T1 urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Methods Fifty-two patients who had primary high-grade stage T1 urothelial carcinoma were enrolled to the study. The pathologic specimens of patients were evaluated and staged as T1a and T1b according to muscularis mucosae involvement by the tumor. The immunohistochemical demonstration of E-CD was accomplished by using immunoperoxidase method and all the specimens were examined under light microscope for E-CD level. Results The mean age of the patients was 64.0 ± 7.7 (range 36–81) years. The mean follow-up period was 56.4 ± 19.4 (range 14–84) months. Among 52 patients, 27 (52%) of them were stage T1b and 25 (48%) were T1a tumors. The recurrence rates for T1a and T1b groups were 52% (n = 13) and 92.6% (n = 25), respectively (P < 0.05). The expression of E-CD was homogenous in 52% of pT1a and 14.8% of T1b tumors (P < 0.05). In T1a group with recurrence, homogeneous E-CD staining ratio was 30.7% (n = 4/13), but it was 75% (n = 9/12) in T1a patients without recurrence (P < 0.05). In T1b group with recurrence, the homogenous expression of E-CD was 12% (n = 3/25) and the expression of E-CD was heterogenous in 88% (n = 22/25) of them (P < 0.05). In T1a group, progression of the disease was detected in 28% (n = 7/25) of the patients, but disease progression was seen in 55.5% (n = 15/27) of T1b group patients (P < 0.05). In T1a group with progression, heterogeneous E-CD staining ratio was 85.7% (n = 6/7), but it was 80% (n = 12/15) in T1b patients with progression. The effects of tumor number, tumor size and carcinoma in situ presence on recurrence were evaluated within each group. It was determined that parameters such as tumor number and tumor size had no significant effect on recurrence of the groups. The mean survival rates were statistically different between the groups. On multivariate analysis only E-cadherin expression (P = 0.012, odds ratio 6.291, 95% confidence interval for odds ratio 1.303–4.72) and tumor stage (P = 0.003, odds ratio 11.58, 95% confidence interval for odds ratio 2.446–8.542) remained independently significant as predictors of recurrence. Conclusion E-CD expression was decreased in pathologic specimens of bladder tumor patients with muscularis mucosae involvement and this condition correlated well with tumor recurrence.