铜陵市学龄前儿童气质特点及类型分布的探讨

[目的]探讨铜陵市学龄前儿童气质结构和特征,对防止儿童行为问题的发生提供科学指导。[方法]采用3-7岁儿童气质问卷对1129例3-7岁儿童进行调查,分别按性别和年龄进行分析。[结果]本市学龄前儿童的气质类型为平易型37.5%、中间偏易型34.7%、中间偏烦型12.9%、麻烦型8.3%和发动缓慢型6.6%;不同性别及年龄的儿童气质类型的分布差异无显著性(P>0.05)。男女幼儿间差异有显著性的气质维度为活动水平、节律性和趋避性;不同年龄组间活动水平、反应强度、注意分散和反应阈四个气质维度差异有显著性(P<0.05)。[结论]平易型和中间偏易型是本市学前儿童的主要气质类型;部分气质维度在不同性别和年龄间存在差异。

Analysis of temperament traits of preschool children in Tongling

[Objective] To explore the temperament traits of the preschool children in Tongling. [Method] Temperament scale was investigated among 1129 preschool children from three years old to seven years old, the collected data were analyzed according to age and gender. [Results] Easy (E) type was 37. 5%, Intermediate-low (I-E) 34. 7%, Intermediate-high (I-D) 12. 9%, Difficult (D) 8. 3%, Slow-to-warm up (S) 6. 6%. No obvious temperament differences existed among different age and gender. The statistical discrepancies of infant' s temperament dimensions were activity level, rhythmicity and approach-withdrawal between male and female. Activity level, intensity of reaction, attention span and threshold of reaction were significantly differences among different of age group. [Conclusion] The E type and I-E type are the main temperament traits of native infants. Some of the temperament dimensions are variant in different age and gender.