农村地区既往有偿供血员HIV感染状态暴露现况的定性研究

目的了解农村地区既往有偿供血员艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状态暴露方式,探讨感染状态暴露对感染者个人的影响及对艾滋病防治工作的意义。方法采用定性研究方法,对HIV感染者、感染者家庭成员、村民及卫生工作者进行深入访谈,收集研究信息。结果上述4类人群每类访谈20人,共完成有效访谈79例。研究发现,HIV感染者感染状态暴露过程他们自己难以控制,会通过各种途径被动暴露。感染状态的暴露给感染者带来了正面和负面的后果：获得支持或者受到歧视。而为了获取支持,感染者不担心感染状态暴露。知晓感染状态后,绝大多数（17/20）感染者在性生活中能坚持使用安全套。结论在HIV高发的农村地区,HIV感染者感染状态的暴露难以避免。感染状态的主动暴露是HIV感染者寻求支持的方式之一,同时感染状态的暴露能降低HIV的传播。

HIV serostatus disclosure among HIV-t- former plasma donors in a rural community of China

Objective To understand the patterns of HIV serostatus disclosure among HIV＋ former plasma donors and to explore the impact of the disclosure on themselves and on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS as a whole.Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with HIV＋ individuals,their family members,health care providers and HIV-villagers to collect related information.Results Seventy-nine valid interviews were completed among the above 4 groups of population,with 20 interviewees in each group.The disclosure process was not controlled by themselves and their sero-status was disclosed involuntarily by various means.The disclosure had positive or negative impact on the HIV ＋ individuals,by bringing them either social support or stigma and discrimination.To gain social support and care,the HIV＋ individuals were not concerned over the disclosure of their serostatus.After they were aware of their HIV serostatus,most of them（17/20） used condoms consistently in their sexual activities.Conclusions Disclosure of HIV（＋） serostatus is inevitable in rural communities with high HIV prevalence rates since voluntary disclosure is an useful means to seek support and care from the society and also helps to reduce the transmission of HIV.