补骨脂的化学成分及主要毒性研究进展

补骨脂是豆科植物补骨脂的干燥成熟果实，性味辛、苦、温，归肾、脾经。补骨脂具有温肾助阳、纳气平喘、温脾止泻等功效，外用可消风祛斑，主要用于治疗肾阳不足所致阳痿遗精、腰膝冷痛、肾虚作喘、外用也可治疗白瘫风、斑秃。主要化学成分为香豆素类、单萜酚类、黄酮类，具有雌激素样作用以及抗炎、抗菌、抗真菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和免疫调节的活性，用于预防和治疗骨质疏松、细菌感染、哮喘和骨关节炎等。然而长期或大量服用补骨脂具有引发肝损伤的潜在危险，并有光毒性、肾毒性和生殖毒性，限制了其在临床中的应用。因此，充分了解补骨脂的化学成分谱，对全面掌握补骨脂致毒机制至关重要。通过对国内外关于补骨脂的文献查阅以及整理，该文对中药补骨脂的化学成分及其毒性研究进行系统综述，主要提供化合物的中英文名称，结构式，分子式，相对分子质量，CAS号以及近年来报道的关于补骨脂的毒性信息，为补骨脂后续的化学成分谱、药代、毒代动力学研究和补骨脂临床用药安全提供参考。

Chemical Constituents of Psoraleae Fructus and Its Main Toxic Ingredients

Psoraleae Fructus (Buguzhi) is dried mature fruit of Psoralea corylifolia. It is spicy and bitter in favor and warm in nature, and distributed to kidney and spleen meridians. Psoralea Fructus has the effects of warming kidney and tonifying Yang,absorbing Qi and relieving asthma,warming spleen and stopping diarrhea; for external use,it can remove beverage. It is mainly used to treat impotence and nocturnal emission cold and knee pain,kidney deficiency and asthma caused by kidney Yang deficiency; for external use, it can treat vitiligo and alopecia areata. Its principle chemical components are coumarins,monoterpene phenols,flavonoids,with an estrogen-like effect as well as anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antifungal,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis,bacterial infections,asthma and osteoarthritis. However,the long-term administration with large doses of psoralen have the potential risk of causing liver damage,with phototoxicity,nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity,which restricts its application in clinical therapy. Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the chemical composition and mechanism of psoralen. Through the review and summarization of literatures about psoralen at home and abroad,this article systematically reviews the chemical constituents and toxicity of Psoralea Fructus, provides Chinese and English names,structural formulas,molecular formulas,molecular weights,CAS numbers of the compounds and the toxicity information about psoralen reported in recent years, in order to provide a reference for further study on the compositional spectrum and pharmacokinetics,toxic kinetic studies and clinical medication safety of psoralen.