中药调控血脑屏障通透性的作用研究进展

血脑屏障介于血管与脑实质间,是由脑毛细血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞终足、周细胞、基底膜及其间的紧密连接组成的复合组织;其作为血-脑间的重要屏障系统严格限制血液与脑组织的物质交换,一方面允许脑组织所需的营养物质进入屏障,另一方面则限制有损脑组织的物质进入屏障,以维持神经元微环境的稳定;血脑屏障的屏障功能同时也限制了治疗某些疾病的药物进入脑内或使得药物进入脑内的浓度降低,影响了某些疾病的治疗。研究发现中药具有调控血脑屏障通透性的作用,如开窍类中药麝香、冰片、苏合香、安息香等可增加血脑屏障的通透性,且能协助其他药入脑,其作用主要与减少血脑屏障的紧密连接、抑制血脑屏障的转运蛋白、抑制离子通道的主动转运相关;开窍类中药如冰片、麝香尚可降低血脑屏障的通透性,某些补益药如人参、黄芪、白芍等亦可降低血脑屏障的通透性,以发挥保护血脑屏障及脑组织的作用,其作用主要与调控炎性反应、增加紧密连接相关蛋白表达、促进血管内皮增殖相关。中药双向调控血脑屏障通透性的作用可能是中药防治脑系疾病的作用基础,本文系统整理近年来中药干预血脑屏障通透性及其作用机制研究的相关文献,进行深入梳理总结,以期为临床运用中药防治脑系疾病提供科学依据。

Research Progress on Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Blood-brain Barrier Permeability

The blood-brain barrier is located between blood vessels and brain parenchyma and is a composite tissue composed of brain capillary endothelial cell,astrocyte end foot,pericyte,basement membrane and their tight connections.The blood-brain barrier acts as an important barrier between the blood-brain. It strictly restricts the exchange of blood and brain tissue. On the one hand,it allows the nutrients required by the brain tissue to enter the barrier. On the other hand,the substance that damages the brain tissue is restricted from entering the barrier to maintain the stability of the neuron microenvironment. The barrier function of the blood-brain barrier also limits the concentration of drugs that treat certain diseases into the brain or reduces the concentration of drugs into the brain,affecting the treatment of certain diseases.Studies have found that Chinese medicine has the effect of regulating the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. For example, Chinese herbal medicines such as Moschus,borneol,Styorax,and Benzoinum can increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier,and can help its medicine into the brain. Its role is mainly related to the reduction of the blood-brain barrier tight junction,the inhibition of the blood-brain barrier transporter,and the inhibition of the active transport of ion channels.Orifice-opening medicinal such as borneol and Moschus can reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.Certain tonifying and replenishing medicinal such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,and Paeoniae Radix Alba can also reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to protect the blood-brain barrier and brain tissue.Its role is mainly related to the regulation of inflammatory reactions,increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins,and promotion of vascular endothelial proliferation.The two-way regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) may be the basis for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases by TCM.In this paper,we systematically sort out the relevant literatures on the study of the permeability of blood-brain barrier and its mechanism of action in Chinese medicine in recent years,and carry out in-depth combing and summary,in order to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of TCM to prevent and treat brain diseases.