某地铁站公共场所初步设计卫生学评价

目的对某地铁站公共场所初步设计进行卫生学评价。方法采用类比调查、卫生学调查、工程卫生分析、检查表法相结合的评价方法对该项目进行卫生学评价。结果类比地铁站站厅PM10、甲醛、噪声合格率分别为70%、90%、90%,站厅温湿度、风速、CO、CO2、细菌总数,空调风管细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌和冷却水、冷凝水嗜肺军团菌的合格率均为100%,存在空调未安装空气净化消毒装置、新风管和回风管未能与机组连接等问题;该项目选址、建筑卫生学、公共区平面布置、空调通风排气设施、消声防震设施、给排水设施、辅助卫生设施及相关参数初步设计基本符合卫生学要求,但存在欠缺空调部分卫生设施、控制病媒生物与废弃物收集设施,未考虑电磁场防护设施和卫生管理与应急救援措施等设计缺陷。结论该项目主要卫生设施及参数初步设计基本符合标准和规范要求,消除或控制健康危害因素的公共卫生技术设计的基本原则是可行的,存在的设计缺陷应在下阶段设计完善。

Hygienic evaluation for preliminary design of public places in a subway station

Objective To evaluate preliminary design of public places in a subway station.Methods Analogy surveys,hygiene survey,engineering and health checklist were used.Results In analogy subway station hall,qualification rates of PM10,formaldehyde,noise were 70%,90% and 90% respectively;Qualification rates of temperature,humidity,wind speed,CO,CO2,total bacteria,total bacteria in air conditioning ducts,total number of fungi,beta-hemolytic streptococcus and Legionella pneumophila in cooling and condensate water were all 100%.The following issues existed: lack of air purification and disinfection devices for air-conditioning,new air ducts and return air duct failing to be connected with the unit.The project site,construction health,public layout,air conditioning and ventilation exhaust facilities,muffler shock facilities,water supply and drainage facilities,auxiliary health facilities and preliminary design of related parameters were in line with the hygiene requirements,but there were lack of the sanitation facilities for air conditioning and the control facilities for vectors and waste collection,and other design flaws the EMF protection facilities,health management and emergency relief measures were not considered.Conclusion The main health facilities and the preliminary design of parameters were consistent with the standards and regulatory requirements.The basic principle of technical design for public health to eliminate or control the health hazards was feasible.The existed design flaws should be improved in the next stage of design.