广东省1997-2007年医院监测出生缺陷趋势分析

目的 分析广东省医院出生缺陷监测发生趋势.方法 对1997-2007年广东省医院出生缺陷监测网数据进行回顾性描述和趋势分析.结果 广东省出生缺陷医院监测总发生率呈逐年上升趋势,自1997年的98.9/万上升为2007年的244.2/万;在常见出生缺陷类型中,先天性心脏病呈急剧上升,先天性足内翻、多指(趾)、总唇腭裂呈轻微上升;母亲不同年龄段、不同性别围产儿间出生缺陷发生率的差异有统计学意义;早期产前诊断的比例逐渐上升,并对监测出生缺陷发生率有影响;母亲孕早期患病、用药、接触环境有害因素、高龄、不良生育史是出生缺陷发生的可疑危险因素.结论 出生缺陷监测方式、对象及范围、诊断技术及水平、监测质量控制、危险因素等导致出生缺陷监测发生率呈逐年上升趋势.

Study on the changes of incidence rates on birth defects through hospital based surveillance program in Guangdong province during 1997-2007

Objective To analyze the tendency of hospital based surveillance incidence rates of birth defects in Guangdong province to provide reference evidence for related intervention program. Methods Data from hospital based birth defects surveillance of Guangdong province during 1997-2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The overall surveillance rates of birth defects in Guangdong province showed an increasing trend form 98.9 per 10 000 birth in 1997 to 244.2 per 10 000 birth in 2007. Among the frequently seen birth defects, the rate of congenital heart diseases increased sharply, but the rates of congenital talipes equinovarus, polydactyly, cleft lip with/without cleft palate showed a slight increasing trend.It seemed that there was a significant difference between different maternal age interval and gender of the infants. Mother's illness, drug use, and exposure to environment harmful factors in early pregnancy stage, high maternal age, negative bearing history were the suspect risk factors for birth defects. Conclusion The increasing trend of surveillance rate of birth defects seemed to be comprehensively affected by the factors as: method being adopted, target and extension of birth defects surveillance, technology used for diagnosis, kinds of risk factor,and quality control on surveillance programs.