饮水氯化消毒副产物氯仿和一溴二氯甲烷对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性作用

目的]研究饮水氯化消毒副产物中主要成分氯仿（CHCl3）和一溴二氯甲烷（BDCM）对斑马鱼（zebrafish，danio rerio）胚胎发育的毒性效应。方法]采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术，分别用不同质量浓度的CHCl3和BDCM对受精后Oh（0hpf）和24h（24hpf）的斑马鱼胚胎进行染毒。在染毒后4、8、12、16、24、48h进行胚胎活体摄影，并分别计算CHCl3及BDCM对斑马鱼胚胎染毒后24h和48h的半数致死浓度（LC50）和半数致畸效应浓度（EC50）。结果]0hpf斑马鱼胚胎CHCl3和BDCM的LC50分别为0．814mg／L和1．945mg／L。24hpf胚胎CHCl3和BDCM染毒的LC50分别为1．076mg／L和2．676mg／L。斑马鱼胚胎对CHCl3最敏感的致畸毒理学终点为48h无心律和心胞囊肿，其0hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验发现，48h无心律和心胞囊肿的EC50分别为0．39mg／L和0．35mg／L；而24hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验发现，48h无心律和心胞囊肿的EC50分别为0．77mg／L和0．63mg／L。对BDCM最敏感的致畸毒理学终点也是48h无心律和心胞囊肿，与CHCl3相似，但在0hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验中上述两项指标的EC50分别为0．81mg／L和0．72mg／L，在24hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验中分别为3．52mg／L和3．17mg／L。结论]CHCl，和BDCM对0hpf斑马鱼胚胎的毒性均大于对24hpf胚胎的毒性；CHCl3的发育毒性大于BDCM。斑马鱼胚胎对CHCl3和BDCM致畸效应最敏感的终点为48h无心律和心胞囊肿。

Toxicity of Trichloromethane and Bromodicloromethane, the Chlorinated Drinking Water Disinfection by-products, on Zebrafish Embryo Development

Objective]To evaluate the toxic effect of trichloromethane(CHCl3)and bromodicloromethane(BDCM), the main chlorinated drinking water disinfection by-products,on zebrafish embryo development.Methods]Zebrafish embryo development toxicity assay was applied.Zebrafish embryos at stages of 0hp(f0 hour after fertilization)and 24hpf were exposed to CHCl3 at concentrations of 0.21,0.42,0.83,1.25,2.29mg/L,and exposed to BDCM at concentrations of 0.61,0.76,1.55,2.21, 3.16mg/L.The embryos were observed under dissectio...