Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): Pathophysiology in Estonians |
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| Authors: | Marlit Veldi Raivo Ani Heisl Vaher Triin Eller Tuuliki Hion Anu Aluoja Veiko Vasar |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Tartu University, Ear Clinic, Kuperjanovi 1, 51003 Tartu, Estonia;2. Tartu University, Department of Psychiatry, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia;1. Laboratório de Fisiopatologia e Radicais Livres, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051990 Londrina, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051990 Londrina, Brazil;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran;2. Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran;6. Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran;1. Laboratory for Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;2. Departments of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, KS 66170, USA;3. Departments of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, KS 66170, USA;4. The University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;5. Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China;1. Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Agave Hall 217-B, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;2. Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Midwestern University, Foothills Sciences Center, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, USA;3. Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the study was to clarify the roles of age, obesity, smoking, alcohol, pathoanatomy and -physiology in Estonian's OSAS. For this 164 randomly chosen such patients were selected in different regions of Estonia. They underwent naso-oropharyngeal examination, physical examination of craniofacial abnormalities, and polysomnography. They also completed a self-reported questionnaire about smoking, alcohol use, excessive daytime sleepiness, hypertension, cardiac disorders, headaches, concentration disorders, and recurrent upper-airway diseases. The patients (129 men; 35 women) aged between 19 and 75 years (mean 47 ± 12), BMI between 21 and 49 (mean 30.5 ± 5.15), AHI between 5 and 105 (33 ± 22).The results showed that there was a high percentage of naso-oropharyngeal disorders, such as: recurrent upper-airway diseases (54.2%), nasal breathing disorders (63.5%), and hypertrophy of tonsils (57%). There was also a high percentage of general characteristics, such as alcohol use (64%), excessive daytime sleepiness (85.5%), overweight (63%), and hypertension (51.2%). The regression summary for the dependent variable AHI if p-level = 0.0042 (R = 0.63347013) included age, BMI, hypertension, cardiac disorders, headaches, nasal obstruction, hypertrophy of pharyngeal muscles, tongue level, submental fat and slow-wave sleep (S3 + S4%).In conclusion recurrent upper-airway diseases, nasal obstruction, and hypertrophy of tonsils in combination with smoking and alcohol caused the changes in the pharyngeal and lingual muscles. The latter gives rise to such sleep apnea-related problems as heart complaints, hypertension, headache and shortage of slow-wave sleep (SWS). |
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