颅骨海绵状血管瘤影像及病理分析

目的探讨颅骨海绵状血管瘤的影像、病理学特点及手术疗效,以提高对该病的诊治。方法回顾性分析10例经病理证实的颅骨海绵状血管瘤的临床及影像学资料及手术疗效,并复习文献。结果 8例位于额骨,顶骨及枕骨各1例,X线平片表现为边界清楚的类圆形低密度影。CT平扫表现为高密度或稍高密度,骨窗位常呈特征性的蜂窝状或日光放射状的溶骨性改变。MRI信号特点复杂,MRI平扫表现为高低信号混杂影为主,增强后不均匀强化。9例患者行病变扩大切除术加钛网修补术,1例行病变扩大切除术。肉眼见病变呈暗红色,突出颅骨表面;镜下见大量囊状扩张的壁薄血管,血管腔内被血细胞填充,组织分化成熟。随访3至24个月无复发。结论颅骨海绵状血管瘤影像学表现具有一定特征性,对于单发病灶,行扩大整块切除加一期颅骨缺损修补术治疗效果满意。

Imaging features and pathological analysis of calvarial cavernous hemangioma

Objective To investigate the imaging features of the calvarial cavernous hemangioma and the surgical efficacy to improve diagnosis and treatment of the calvarial cavernous hemangioma.Methods The clinical information,imaging materials and surgical efficacy from ten cases of calvarial cavernous hemangioma confirmed by pathology and the related literature was reviewed.Results The lesion was located in frontal bone in eight cases,in parietal bone in one case and in occipital bone in one case.The lesions were round-shape hypodensity with clear margin in X-ray.The lesions were hyperdensity or slightly hyperdensity on CT scan,and were osteolytic lesions with a characteristic honeycomb or starburst pattern on bone window.The MRI features were complicated and variable.The lesions were heterogenous and unevenly enhanced signal intensity.Nine patients underwent radical resections and reconstructed immediately by titanium mesh.The patient with tumor in occipital bone underwent radical resection only.Macroscopically,the pathologic bone was a huge purple-red blush mass protruding from the skull surface.Histological examination revealed the diploe with large,thin-walled,dilated blood-filled spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells without evidence of malignancy.No recurrence was noted in any case during a follow-up period from 3 to 24 months.All the patients survived well without recurrence.Conclusions The imaging features of calvarial cavernous hemangioma have a high value in the diagnosis and may provide guidance for the treatment.The radical resection and immediate reconstruction treatment for calvarial cavernous hemangioma is satisfied.