老年期抑郁症和轻度阿尔茨海默病的临床特征对照研究

目的 探讨伴和不伴认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症与轻度阿尔茨海默病（AD）的临床差异。方法 使用自编的一般情况调查表、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、简易智能状态检查（MMSE）和日常生活能力量表（ADL）对28倒伴认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症、32例不伴认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症和30例轻度AD患者进行评定。结果 与老年期抑郁症患者相比，轻度AD患者年龄较大，起病年龄较晚，单次发病，诱因不明显者多见，抑郁症状以轻、中度抑郁为主；而伴和不伴认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症患者的抑郁程度均以重度和极重度抑郁为主，并且轻度AD患者的生物学症状显著少于老年期抑郁症患者（P〈0．01）；伴有抑郁症状的轻度AD患者智能和日常生活能力显著低于老年期抑郁症患者（P〈0，01）；伴认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症患者的抑郁程度、智能和日常生活能力下降的程度处于不伴有认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症患者和伴有抑郁症状的轻度AD患者之间。结论 老年期抑郁症与阿尔茨海默病是两种不同的疾病，伴认知功能障碍的老年期抑郁症患者有发展为AD的倾向。

A Comparative Study on the Clinical Features between Senile Depression and Mild Alzheimer Disease

Objective To explore the clinical differences between cognitive dysfunction and non-cognitive dysfunction of patients with senile depression and mild Alzheimer disease.Methods 28 patients of senile depression with cognitive dysfunction,32 patients of senile depression without cognitive dysfunction and 30 patients with mild Alzheimer disease were investigated by self-edited questionnaire,HAMD,MMSE and ADL.Results Compared with patients with senile depression,the patients with mild Alzheimer disease were significantly older,later onset,single frequency,and the causes were not obvious,the depression symptoms were mild,middle,but patients with cognitive and non-cognitive dysfunctions were in heavy or heavier depression,and the patients with mild Alzheimer disease had significantly less biological symptoms than patients with senile depression( P <0.01);the patients with mild Alzheimer disease were significantly lower in MMSE and ADL than patients with senile depression( P <0.01).The patients of senile depression with cognitive dysfunction had significantly differences in HAMD,MMSE and ADL than the patients of senile depression without cognitive dysfunction and patients with mild Alzheimer disease.Conclusion Senile depression and Alzheimer disease were two different kinds of common diseases,the patients of senile depression with cognitive dysfunction may become AD patients.