显微内镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症104例

目的总结104例显微内镜椎间盘切除术（microendoscopic discectomy，MED）手术常见问题的处理经验。方法应用美国枢法模公司椎间盘镜手术系统，对104例椎问盘突出症行MED，总结术中常见问题。结果104例中因出血及粘连改开放手术4例，余100例术中发生硬膜损伤3例，其中1例发生脑脊液漏。100例115个间隙平均每间隙手术时间50min（30～90min），术中出血量平均每间隙80ml（20—400m1）。100例随访3—32个月，平均18个月，疗效按Macnab标准，优65例，良29例，可6例，优良率94．0％（94／100）。结论术中最常见问题为出血及黄韧带切除费时，熟悉黄韧带薄弱部位及切除技巧，了解椎静脉解剖特点及其与腹压的关系，对预防和处理MED术中常见问题，减少硬膜囊及神经根损伤，减少出血对手术时间及疗效的影响至关重要。

Treatment of 104 cases of lumbar disc herniation by microendoscopic discectomy

Objective To summarize countermeasures on common problems of microendoscopic discectomy(MED). Methods Microendoscopic discectomy was performed in 104 cases of lumbar disc herniation by using the MED system(Sofamor Danek Group,USA).Frequently encountered problems during the operation were reviewed and summarized. Results Conversions to open surgery were required in 4 out of 104 cases due to bleeding or adherence.Among the rest of 100 cases,dural injury occurred in 3 cases,with 1 case accompanying leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.Of the 100 cases(115 intervertebral spaces),the average operation time was 50 min(range,30~90 min) and the average hemorrhage amount was 80 ml(range,20~400 ml) for each intervertebral space.The 100 cases were followed for 3~32 months(average,18 months).According to the Macnab criteria,the curative effects were classified as excellent in 65 cases,good in 29 cases,and fair in 6,the rate of excellent or good effects being 94.0%(94/100). Conclusions The most frequent problems during MED are bleeding and prolonged excision of the ligamenta flava.Strict adherence to technique,acquaintance with the weakness of the ligamenta flava,and familiarity with anatomic structures of the vertebral vein system and its relationship with abdominal pressure,are very important in the prevention and treatments of surgical complications.