佳木斯市某校中小学生近视综合干预效果分析

目的:调查佳木斯市某校小学生和中学生的近视现状,对近视学生通过合理膳食、加强体育运动和佩戴蓝光防护眼镜的措施进行综合干预,探讨综合干预方案对学生视力的影响情况,为今后近视防控工作的实施提供一定的科学依据。方法:采取普查的方法,对小学生212人,初中生146人,进行眼科检查,并进行干预。干预时间为9个月(2019年1月1日—2019年10月10日),分析并比较干预前和干预后学生视力的变化。统计分析使用R 4.0.2软件,非正态资料采用秩和检验,计数资料采用卡方检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:共有358名学生参与本次调查,其中小学生212人,初中生146人;干预前视力正常127人,异常231人;干预后视力正常176人,异常182人,干预前后差异有统计学意义,视力好转49人,转好率21.21%。干预前与干预后对比,联合光度变化和屈光度变化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),好转人数男生和女生相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预措施对屈光不正有效,无性别差异。干预前和干预后裸眼视力变化具有统计学差异(P<0.001),综合干预后学生裸眼视力有所提高。结论:通过改变饮食习惯、合理膳食,加强体育运动,蓝光眼镜防护的综合干预措施对小学生和中学生近视的防控有一定的效果。

Analysis on the Effect of Comprehensive Intervention on Myopia of Primary and Secondary School Students in Jiamusi

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of myopia among primary and middle school students in Jiamusi,and to provide scientific basis for the implementation of myopia prevention and control work in the future,comprehensive interven-tion is carried out for myopia students through guiding reasonable diet,strengthening sports and wearing blue light protective glass-es.METHODS The survey contains totally 212 primary school students and 146 junior high school students.Comprehensive interven-tion measures are taken for myopia students.The intervention time is from January 1,2019 to October 10,2019 which is 9 monthsin total.The changes of students’visual acuity before and after the intervention are analyzed and compared.Statistic method is R4.0.2 software.for non-normal data,median(quartile)is used as well as Wilcoxon signs rank test for statistical analysis and Chisquare test for counting data.P<0.05 is considered as statistically significant.RESULTS 358 students participate in the survey,212 students are primary school students,146 students are junior high school students,127 are normal and 231 are abnormal be-fore intervention,176 are normal and 182 are abnormal after the intervention,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.001),the visual acuity improves in 49 cases,and the improvement rate is 21.21%.Compared with the data before intervention,there is a significant difference in the joint luminosity of left and right eyes(P<0.001),and in the diopter(P<0.001),butthere is no significant difference in the number of male and female students(P>0.05).Compared with the data before intervention,there is significant difference in the number of visual acuity changes(P<0.001).The uncorrected visual acuity of the students is im-proved,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The comprehensive intervention measures such aschanging diet habits,reasonable diet,strengthening sports and blue light glasses protection have certain effect on prevention andcontrol of myopia in primary and middle school students.