为什么女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性

目的 :通过对男女自杀未遂者特征的比较 ,了解女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性的原因。方法 :由经过严格培训的调查员用自制调查表对综合医院诊治的病情较重的 3 2 6例自杀未遂病人进行调查 ,并做出精神科诊断 (根据DSM -IV诊断标准 ) ,然后比较男女自杀未遂者 (女 2 48例 ,男 78例 )的特征。结果 :男女自杀未遂者在平均年龄、家庭经济与环境状况、既往自杀未遂次数、自杀方式、自杀意图强度、负性生活事件数目及其对心理的影响程度、精神障碍总的患病率等方面差异无统计学意义。而且男女自杀未遂者前三位常见的负性生活事件相同 :夫妻吵架或不和、生活规律的重大变化和经济困难。但与男性相比 ,女性接受正规教育的年限短 ,现婚的比例高 ,自杀前一直在工作的比例高 ,同住家人的平均年龄较小 ,自杀前一个月内与不同成年家属的接触天数之和较少 ,酒精依赖的患病率低 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论 :农村地区病情较重的男女自杀未遂者多数与自杀有关的关键特征相似 ,因此需要进一步寻找导致女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性的关键因素。

Why is the Suicide Attempt Rate Higher in Women?

Objective:Compare the characteristics of male and female suicide attempters with the goal of explaining the significantly higher rates of suicide attempts in women.Method:Investigators who were rigorously trained in the research schedule assessed 326 serious suicide attempters (248 women and 78 men) treated in the emergency rooms of general hospitals and conducted an examination to determine the psychiatric diagnosis (based on DSM-IV criteria).Results:Most characteristics were similar in male and female attempters: age, family financial status and characteristics, number of prior suicide attempts, method used in the attempt, suicidal intent, number and psychological effect of negative life events, and rate of mental illness. The three most frequent negative life events were the same for men and women: marital conflict, major changes in daily routines, and financial difficulties. But compared to male attempters, female attempters had lower educational achievement, were more likely to be currently married, were more likely to have been working at the time of the attempt, had younger co-resident family members, had less contact with adult family members in the month before the attempt, and were less likely to have alcohol dependence (p's all<0.05).Conclusion:The characteristics of male and female serious suicide attempts in rural areas are similar; it is necessary to keep looking for the major factors that are resulting in the significantly higher rates of attempted suicide in women.