Origins and genetic features of the Okhotsk people,revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis |
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Authors: | Takehiro Sato Tetsuya Amano Hiroko Ono Hajime Ishida Haruto Kodera Hirofumi Matsumura Minoru Yoneda Ryuichi Masuda |
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Affiliation: | (1) Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;(2) Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;(3) Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan;(4) School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;(5) Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;(6) Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan;(7) Creative Research Initiative “Sousei”, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan |
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Abstract: | ![]() In order to investigate the phylogenetic status of the Okhotsk people that were distributed in northern and eastern Hokkaido as well as southern Sakhalin during the fifth to the thirteenth centuries, DNA was carefully extracted from human bone and tooth remains excavated from archaeological sites. The hypervariable region 1 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were successfully amplified and 16 mtDNA haplotypes were identified from 37 individuals of the Okhotsk people. Of the 16 haplotypes found, 6 were unique to the Okhotsk people, whereas the other 10 were shared by northeastern Asian people that are currently distributed around Sakhalin and downstream of the Amur River. The phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences showed that the Okhotsk people were more closely related to the Nivkhi and Ulchi people among populations of northeastern Asia. In addition, the Okhotsk people had a relatively closer genetic affinity with the Ainu people of Hokkaido, and were likely intermediates of gene flow from the northeastern Asian people to the Ainu people. These findings support the hypothesis that the Okhotsk culture joined the Satsumon culture (direct descendants of the Jomon people) resulting in the Ainu culture, as suggested by previous archaeological and anthropological studies. |
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Keywords: | Okhotsk people Genetic origins Ancient DNA Mitochondrial DNA Molecular phylogeny |
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