北京东京幼儿超重肥胖及其与生活方式的相关性

  目的  描述北京、东京3~5岁幼儿的超重肥胖现状，比较两地幼儿肥胖特征及其与生活方式的关系，为促进幼儿肥胖防治工作提供参考。  方法  采用整群分层随机抽样法，于2019年10—11月选取北京、东京共444名3~5岁幼儿为研究对象，对其进行身高、体重测量及生活方式调查，对两地幼儿的超重、肥胖现状及与生活方式的关系进行对比分析。  结果  北京幼儿的体质量指数(BMI)水平及超重肥胖率(25.28%)高于东京幼儿(18.44%)，北京与东京幼儿超重肥胖率在早饭前是否身体活动上差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为29.14，31.18，P值均 < 0.05)。北京与东京幼儿超重肥胖率在晚饭后不同零食频率上差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为24.72，21.93，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析进一步表明，北京幼儿早饭前不进行身体活动与发生超重或肥胖呈正相关(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10~2.68)，晚饭后经常吃零食(OR=2.56，95%CI=1.44~3.57)和有时吃零食(OR=1.72，95%CI=1.21~2.72)的北京幼儿与超重或肥胖的发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  北京幼儿的超重、肥胖现象高于东京幼儿，早饭前不进行身体活动、晚饭后有时吃零食、晚饭后经常吃零食与北京幼儿超重或肥胖发生呈正相关。

Overweight and obesity status among children in Beijing and Tokyo and its relationship with lifestyle

  Objective  To describe the status quo of overweight and obesity among children aged 3 to 5 in Beijing and Tokyo, and to explore its relationship with lifestyle.  Methods  Using the method of cluster stratified random sampling, a sample of 444 children aged 3-5 years from Beijing and Tokyo were selected in Oct. and Nov. of 2019. Height, weight and lifestyle were measured. Overweight and obesity among children in the two cities and its relationship with lifestyle were compared and analyzed.  Results  Average level of BMI, rate of overweight and obesity of children in Beijing(25.28%) were higher than those in Tokyo(18.44%). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with physical activity before breakfast(χ2=29.14, 31.18, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with different snack frequency after dinner(χ2=24.72, 21.93, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis further showed that children's lack of physical activity before breakfast in Beijing is positively related to overweight and obesity(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10-2.68). Beijing children who often eat snacks after supper (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.44-3.57, ) and sometimes eat snacks were positively correlated with the occurrence of overweight or obesity (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.21-2.72).  Conclusion  The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Beijing is higher than that in Tokyo. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity among infants in Beijing include lack of physical activity before breakfast and frequent snacking after dinner.