Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;3. Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;4. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;5. Department of Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;6. Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;7. Penn''s Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality and Evaluative Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;8. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;9. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;1. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;2. Department of Structural Heart Disease/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;3. Department of Structural Heart Disease/Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;4. Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;5. Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington |