Physical activity as a proxy to ameliorate inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease at high cardiovascular risk |
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| Authors: | Roberto Codella Lucio Della Guardia Ileana Terruzzi Anna Solini Franco Folli Elena Maria Varoni Antonio Carrassi Livio Luzi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy;2. Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy;4. Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy;5. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
While the beneficial impact of physical activity has been ascertained in a variety of pathological scenarios, including diabetes and low-grade systemic inflammation, its potential remains still putative for periodontal health. Periodontal disease has been associated with inflammatory systemic alterations, which share a common denominator with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise, along with nutritional counseling, is a cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes, also able to reduce the prevalence of periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk. In addition, considering the higher incidence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy controls, the fascinating research question would be whether physical activity could relieve the inflammatory pressure exerted by the combination of these two diseases. This multi-disciplinary viewpoint discusses available literature in order to argument the hypothesis of a “three–way relationship” linking diabetes, periodontitis, and physical activity. |
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| Keywords: | Exercise Glycemic control Oral health Cytokines Insulin resistance Metabolism Skeletal muscle AGEs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" advanced glycation end-products BDNF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" brain-derived neurotrophic factors BOP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" bleeding on probing CRP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" C-reactive protein CV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cardiovascular FFAs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" free fatty acids HbA1c" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glycosylated hemoglobin HFD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" high fat diet IL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" interleukin MIP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" macrophage inflammatory protein-1a PA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" physical activity PD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0160" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" periodontitis RAGE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0170" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" receptor of advanced glycation end-products RANKL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0180" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" receptor activator of nuclear factor κB RCT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0190" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" randomized controlled trial T2D" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0200" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" type 2 diabetes TNFα" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0210" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" tumor necrosis factor TLR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0220" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" toll-like receptor |
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