学龄前儿童身体活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖的关联

  目的  分析学龄前儿童身体活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖的关联，为学龄前儿童超重肥胖的预防和控制提供依据。  方法  采用病例对照研究设计，选取北京市朝阳区某社区4所幼儿园109名超重肥胖儿童作为病例组，在同样的幼儿园内选择体重正常的117名儿童作为对照组，对照组与病例组的年龄和性别频数匹配。用单因素分析比较两组人口学、身体活动时间、视屏时间、睡眠、饮食等特征，采用Logistic回归在调整协变量的情况下分析学龄前儿童身体活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖的关联。  结果  在调整年龄、性别、平均每日睡眠时间、儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)总评分、中国学龄前儿童平衡膳食指数(DBI-C)正端分等因素后，每日身体活动时间 < 3 h的儿童与身体活动时间≥3 h的儿童相比超重肥胖风险增加1.55倍(OR=2.55，95%CI=1.16~5.64，P=0.02)，儿童每日视屏时间每增加一个四分位数超重肥胖风险增加1.44倍(OR=2.44，95%CI=1.69~3.52，P < 0.01)。  结论  学龄前儿童身体活动时间不足和视屏时间较长都与超重肥胖相关。应采取综合干预措施有效增加身体活动时间并且减少儿童的视屏行为，降低学龄前儿童超重肥胖的发生率。

Association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children

  Objective  To analyze the association between physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children, and to provide evidence for childhood obesity prevention and control.  Methods  Using a case-control study design, 109 overweight or obese children (the case group) were recruited from four kindergartens from a community of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and 117 children with normal weight in the same kindergarten (the control group) were recruited as control. Gender and age were matched between the case and the control group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the demographics, physical activity time, screen time, sleep and diet characteristics between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children with adjustment for covariates.  Results  After adjusting for age, gender, average daily sleep time, the total score of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Chinese diet balance index for preschool children (DBI-C), children with < 3 h of daily physical activity had an increased risk of overweight and obesity compared with those with ≥3 h of physical activity (OR=2.55, 95%CI=1.16-5.64, P=0.02), and the risk of overweight and obesity increased with each additional quartile of daily screen time in children (OR=2.44, 95%CI=1.69-3.52, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to effectively increase physical activity and reduce screen time for overweight and obesity prevention and control in preschool children.