护士工作压力、生活质量与工作倦怠的典型相关分析

目的探讨护士工作压力源、生活质量与工作倦怠的关系.方法抽取昆明市某综合医院的护士476人,采用护士工作压力源量表、世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表（World Health Organization Quality of Lifewith 100 Questions,WHOQOF-100）、工作倦怠量表（Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI）进行评估.用典型相关分析的方法探讨其相互关系.结果在护理专业及工作方面压力源、工作量及时间分配方面压力源、工作环境及资源方面压力源及病人护理方面压力源感到压力较大的护士更倾向于有较高的情绪疲惫感;而在管理及人际关系方面压力源感到压力较大的护士则有较低的工作成就感.在生理领域、精神支柱/宗教/个人信仰领域生活质量较高的护士,情绪疲惫感较低,而工作成就感较高.结论对于有高度情绪疲惫感的护士,护理管理者首先应帮助其提高对护理专业的认识,增加其作为护士的荣誉感;第二应注意其工作量及时间分配的合理性;第三改善其工作环境及提高其可利用资源;最后提高其护患沟通能力.而对于工作成就感较低的护士则应注意改进对其的管理方式,并帮助其调整与其他医务人员的人际关系.提高护士的身体健康,增强其精神和信仰领域的生活质量有助于降低情绪疲惫感,提高工作成就感.

The Relationship among Occupational Stressors,Quality of Life and Professional Burnout in Nurses

Objectives To study the relationship among occupational stressors,quality of life and professional burnout of the nurses.Methods Four hundred and seventy-six nurses in a hospital in Kunming were investigated by the Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale（CNSS）,World Health Organization Quality of Life with 100 Questions（WHOQOL-100 scale）,and Maslach Burnout Inventory（MBI）.The data were analyzed by canonical correlation.Results Nurses who felt more stressful in nursing profession,workload,working condition,and patients care aspects,had higher scores in emotional exhaustion.And nurses,who felt more stressful in management and interpersonal relationship aspect,had lower scores in personal accomplishment.Nurses who had higher scores in physiology,spirit domain,religion,and belief,felt lower emotional exhaustion and higher personal achievement.Conclusions The nursing managers should help the nurses who have high scores in emotional exhaustion by four ways： first,improving their honors of being nurse;second,adjusting the workload;third,improving the working environment and resources;fourth,helping them to improve the relationship with the patients.To the nurses who have low accomplishment,nursing managers should adjust their supervising manner with them,and help them to modify the relationship with other staffs.Keeping physical health,enhancing the quality of life in spirit and religion aspect can help to reduce emotional exhaustion and boost personal accomplishment.