纳米材料在光动力疗法肿瘤治疗中的应用进展

光动力疗法是一种重要的肿瘤治疗方法，光、光敏剂及氧气是光动力疗法的三要素。目前，因与传统小分子光敏剂匹配的紫外光或可见光组织穿透深度不足、实体肿瘤组织乏氧微环境、小分子光敏剂可能存在的肿瘤靶向性有限及光稳定性与活性氧产生能力不足等问题，深部实体肿瘤的光动力治疗效果亟待提升。近年来，随着纳米技术的发展，许多功能化纳米材料不断涌现，其优异的光学性能、催化性能及活性氧产生能力引起研究人员的广泛关注，并用于新型纳米光动力治疗体系构建，以期解决其在深部实体肿瘤治疗中的应用瓶颈。从光动力疗法三要素角度，综述近年来基于三要素设计合成的纳米材料及其在光动力疗法肿瘤治疗中的应用进展。

Progress in the Application of Nanomaterials in Photodynamic Therapy for Tumor

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important method for tumor treatment. Light, photosensitizer and oxygen are the three key elements in PDT. At present, the efficacy of PDT in treating deep solid tumor is not satisfactory due to the insufficient tissue penetration depth of ultraviolet or visible light (classic PDT light source for small molecule photosensitizers), hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumor tissues, limited tumor targeting ability, insufficient photo-stability and reactive oxygen generation capacity of small molecule photosensitizers. In recent years, various functional nanomaterials with excellent optical properties, catalytic properties and satisfactory reactive oxygen species generation capability have been invented and were used to construct new nano-photodynamic therapy systems in order to solve the bottleneck in their application in deep solid tumors treatment. From the perspective of the three key elements of photodynamic therapy, this paper reviewed the recent progress in nanomaterials whose design and synthesis are based on the three key elements and their application in the photodynamic therapy for tumor.