肝性脑病大鼠海马 CA1区神经元形态变化和NOS 表达的研究

目的：观察肝性脑病大鼠脑海马 CA1区神经元形态的变化及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的表达情况，探讨海马 CA1区神经元的形态学改变及一氧化氮（ NO）在肝性脑病发病机制中的作用。方法雄性大鼠50只，实验开始前所有动物进行莫里斯水迷宫测试，之后将动物分为正常对照组和实验模型组。9周后建立 CCl4肝性脑病模型，分别取2组大鼠海马组织进行尼氏染色及 NADPH - d 染色。结果尼氏染色显示：实验组大鼠海马神经元数目减少、染色较浅，胞浆内尼氏体减少或消失。NADPH - d 染色显示：实验组可见粗大轴突着色，树突联系广泛；对照组则少有粗大轴突着色，树突间联系不如实验组广泛。实验组 NOS 阳性神经元染色较对照组深，为紫蓝或深蓝色（强阳性及阳性），且阳性神经元数目较多；而对照组染色浅淡，呈浅蓝或与背景同色，为弱阳性。结论肝性脑病时海马受到损伤，并且 NO 可能介导了神经元的损伤并参与了肝硬化和肝性脑病的发病。

Study on morphological changes of neurons and NOS expression in CA1 Hippocampus of rats

Objective It is to observe the morphological changes of neurons and the NOS expression in CA1 hippocampus of rats,and investigate the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons and the role of nitric oxide（NO）in the pathogene-sis of hepatic encephalopathy. Methods 50 cases of male Wistar rats were divided into control group and experimental group, before the experiment all the rats were tested by Morris water maze test,after 9 weeks CCl4 model of hepatic encephalopathy was established,the hippocampus of each groups were take out for Nissl staining and dyeing of NADPH - d. Results Nissl staining results：in experimental group,the number of neurons in hippocampus was less than control group and dyed lighter, Nissl bodies was also reduced. NADPH - d staining results：in experimental group,axon was dyed deeper,widespread den-drites connections were observed. In control group there is few positive axon and less connections between dendrites. NADPH - d staining results：the color in experimental group was blue or deep blue showed positive or strong positive,while in control group showed weak positive. Conclusion Hepatic encephalopathy can lead to hippocampus injury,NO may mediated the process.