社区干预对人群的吸烟知识态度及行为影响

目的研究社区干预对人群的吸烟知识、态度及行为影响,为制定进一步的干预措施、有效降低吸烟率提供科学依据。方法对天津市某社区进行控烟干预1个月,干预前、后分别按年龄、性别等比例随机抽样,进行入户面对面问卷调查。采用计算机二次录入数据,SPSS10.0软件包进行χ2检验。结果干预后人群对吸烟危害的认识有明显提高,认为吸烟和被动吸烟有中度危害的比例增加(分别为χ2=27.75,P=0.000;χ2=18.09,P=0.000);社区人群和医护人员对尼古丁替代戒烟法的了解增加(χ2=95.14,P=0.000),制定戒烟计划的比例增加(χ2=5.49,P=0.019),但干预前、后吸烟率及劝阻吸烟的比例没有明显改变。结论社区干预可有效提高人群的吸烟相关知识,但这种短期的社区干预对戒烟的实际效果并不理想。建议社区干预要适当延长时间和增加强度,并与其他控烟方法相互配合以期达到最佳控烟效果。

The Effect of Community Intervention on KAP of Smoking among Residents of a Community in Tianjin

Objective To observe the effect of community intervention on KAP of smoking and provide reference for its intervention. Methods One community was intervened one month. Random sampled proportional by age and sex separately at pre-intervention and after-intervention. ~2 test by SPSS 10.0. Results Alter intervention, The people of community have mastered more knowledge of harm of smoking, The understanding rate for knowing that the initiative and passive smoking was harmful for the health improved 0.50% （X2=27.75,P=O.OOO）and 4.49% （X2=18.09,P=O.OOO）.The percent of the awareness about nicotine replacement therapy improved 18.33% （X2 =95.14,P=0.000）.The percent of making the plan of smoking cessation improved 10.22%（X2=5.49,P=0.019）.The rates of smoking and persuading others to stop smoking were not significant deference between pre-intervention and after-intervention （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The community intervention can improve the KAP of people of intervention communities, but there was not perfect effect on abstain from smoking in such short-term community intervention. To prolong the time and increase the intensity of community intervention and cooperate with other methods of smoking intervention are essential.