特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图及光相干断层扫描的变化分析

目的 观察并分析特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）患者手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）及光相干断层扫描（OCT）的变化特征，评估黄斑裂孔手术 疗效。 方法 收集2001年2月～2002年5月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗IMH 的患者28例（28只眼），分别在手术前和手术后1、3、6、12个月时，对患者行视力、mfERG及OCT检查，并与正常对照组（33只眼）进行比较，对结果进行统计分析。 结果 （1）OCT显示手术后1个月内27只眼（96.43%）黄斑裂孔完全闭合，1年内无复发，1只眼（3.57%）1年内黄斑裂孔始终未闭合。（2）IMH眼手术后1年视力较手术前明显提高（P＜0.01），视力恢复主要在手术后6个月内。（3）IMH眼手术前mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度明显降低，典型三维地形图呈火山口样改变。手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加，持续到1年以后，三维地形图表现为中央峰逐渐恢复。手术后12个月时，1环和2环P1波反应密度较手术前明显增加（P＜0.05），但仍然低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）；而3、4、5环P1波反应密度始终未受明显影响（P＞0.05）。（4）27只眼手术后黄斑裂孔完全闭合后，经OCT测量的黄斑中心凹的视网膜神经上皮层（FRNEL）厚度在手术后1～12个月维持不变，且始终低于正常对照组（P＜0.01）。（5）IMH眼手术后12个月时，视力、mfERG一阶函数1环和2环的P1波反应密度、FRNEL之间均呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。 结论 玻璃体切割术是治疗IMH的有效 方法，视力、mfERG及OCT可以很好地评估黄斑裂孔的手术疗效，且三者间总体上具有一致性 。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：221-225）

Analysis of changes of visual acuity, multifocal electroretinogram and optical coherence tomogram before and after successful idiopathic macular hole surgery

Objective To observe the changes of visual acuity、multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and optical coherence tomogram（OCT）before and after successful idiopathic macular hole (IMH) surgery, and evaluate the efficiency of the IMH surgery. Methods A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients with IMH who underwent vitrectomy during February 2001 and May 2002 in our hospital were collected. visual acuity, mfERG, and OCT were examined preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The results were analyzed statistically compared with 33 eyes in control group. Results (1) OCT showed that 27 eyes (96.43%) had anatomic closure of the macular hole 1 month after the surgery without recurrence in 12 months. Just 1 eye (3.57%) failed in the closure within 1 year. (2) The visual acuity was much higher in the eyes 1 year after surgery, especially within 6 months postoperatively, than that before the vitrectomy（P＜0.01）. (3) Before the operation, the mfERG topographies of IMH eyes seem like volcanoes becase the response densities of wave P1 of ring 1 and ring 2 were lower than control group while the other three rings kept in normal. The central peaks of mfERG topographies reappeared little by little during 1 year after the surgery, and the response densities of wave P1 of ring 1 and ring 2 were higher than before, which was still lower than the control group（P＜0.05）. (4) The thickness of neuroepithelial layer (NEL) of fovea measured by OCT of 27 eyes with anatomic closure was no longer varied and kept lower than control group throughout the follow-up time （P＜0.05）. (5) One year after the operation, there were positive correlations among visual acuity, mfERG and NEL（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Vitrectomy is useful for IMH, which could be evaluated by visual acuity mfERG and OCT efficiently. The three factors had consistency. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：221-225)