短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中风险预测:ABCD评分及其衍生的评分

短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack, TIA)是急性缺血性脑血管病的高危信号,预示着卒中风险显著增高,尤其是在7 d内.对TIA患者进行风险评估和分层十分重要.根据TIA患者的卒中危险因素制定了多种简易预测量表,例如加利福尼亚量表、ABCD量表、ABCD2量表等.其中以ABCD评分最为常用,但随着其应用越来越普遍,该量表的缺陷也日益显现.近年来,为了提高预测的敏感性和特异性,相继推出了ABCD评分的衍生量表.文章就ABCD评分及其衍生的量表在TIA患者卒中风险预测应用中的发展演变、内容和预测价值进行了综述.

Prediction of stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attack: ABCD score and its derived scores

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a high-risk signal of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, indicates a significant increase in the risk of ischemic stroke, especially within 7 days.Risk assessment and stratification are important in patients with TIA.A variety of simple prediction scales were developed based on the risk factors for stroke in patients with TIA, such as the California scale, ABCD scale, and ABCD2 scale.Among them, the ABCD scale score is used most commonly, but as its application becomes more and more common, the defects of this scale are also increasingly apparent.In recent years, some derived scales of ABCD score were introduced in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of prediction.This article reviews the evolution, contents, characteristics, and predictive value of the ABCD score and its derived scales in the prediction of stroke risk in patients with TIA.