烟台市某区孕前检查夫妇双方乙肝感染状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解烟台市某区孕前检查夫妇双方的乙肝感染状况,探讨相关影响因素.方法 选择2016年1-12月在烟台市某区进行孕前检查的475对夫妇作为研究对象,对其填写的家庭档案和检测的乙肝五项检查结果进行分析.结果 受检夫妇的乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)总阳性率为4.21%,乙肝表面抗体(HbsAb)总阳性率58.74%,乙肝五项总全阴率为34.74%;40例HbsAg阳性者,均为夫妇一方HbsAg阳性,占总夫妇数8.42%;性别、年龄、职业、胎次和既往有无接种疫苗,对HbsAg阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而女性不同文化程度、职业和既往有无接种疫苗,对其HbsAb阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性文化程度为初中及以下是HbsAb阳性的危险因素(OR=-0.974,P<0.01),而女性职业为教师/公务员/职员为HbsAb阳性的保护因素(OR=0.912,P<0.05).结论 乙肝是影响人群健康的重要因素,孕前检查乙肝五项有利于防止乙肝家庭内部传播和母婴垂直传播.孕前检查夫妇乙肝表面抗体尚待提高,需定期监测乙肝表面抗体滴度,及时加强乙肝疫苗注射,并加强乙肝知识的宣传教育才能有效减少乙肝的发生.

Analysis of HBV Infection and Influencing Factors Among Pre-Pregnancy Couples in a District of Yantai City

Objectives To understand the situation of HBV infection and influencing factors among pre-pregnancy couples in a district of Yantai city.Methods 475 Pre-pregnancy couples were selected from Jan.to Dec.of 2016.Then data was gathered from their family archives and analyzed about age,education,five detection items for Hepatitis B Virus,et al.Results Among the inspected couples,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)overall positive rate was 4.21%,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAb)overall positive rate was 58.74%,and the proportion of five de-tection items for HBV all negative was 34.74%.40 couples were examined from 475 inspection couples,whose hus-band or wife's HBsAg was positive,the rate was 8.42%.No significant difference was discovered in the proportions of HBsAg positive between cases with different sex,age,education,occupation,parities and inoculation of HBV vac-cine(P>0.05).But there were statistically significant difference in the rates of HBsAb positive between the tested female with different education,occupation and inoculation of HBV vaccine(P<0.05).Females'education level be-low high school was the risk factor of HBsAb positive(OR=-0.974,P<0.01),while females'occupation being teachers,civil servant or clerks was the protective factor of HBsAb positive(OR=0.912,P<0.05).Conclusions HBV infection damage population health seriously,while the Pre-pregnancy examination has an important role in the prevention of HBV infection.The proportion of HBsAb examination among pre-pregnancy couples needs to be im-proved.Regular hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAb)monitoring,vaccination and education may still be necessary for HBV prevention.