急性缺血性卒中患者急性肾损伤的危险因素

目的 探讨缺血性卒中患者并发急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)的危险因素.方法 回顾性纳入缺血性卒中患者,收集一般临床资料、血管危险因素、药物使用情况、卒中病因学分型、卒中严重程度和基线生化指标等.根据是否发生AKI分为并发AKI组和对照组.采用多变量logistic回归分析缺血性卒中患者发生AKI的独立危险因素.结果 共纳入214例缺血性卒中患者,其中32例(14.95%)发生AKI,182例(85.05%)未发生AKI.AKI组心力衰竭(62.50%对41.21%;χ2=4.998,P=0.025)、应用甘露醇(87.50%对43.96%;χ2=20.643,P<0.001)和呋塞米(87.50%对43.96%;χ2=20.643,P<0.001)、应用对比剂(37.50%对19.23%;χ2=5.300,P=0.021)和对比剂用量>200 ml(28.13%对9.89%;χ2=6.637,P=0.010)患者构成比以及NIHSS评分[(18.0±4.5)分对(8.0±3.2)分;t=15.249,P<0.001]、舒张压[(89.98±9.12)mmHg对(80.56±8.19)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;t=5.898,P<0.001]、空腹血糖[(10.54±4.31)mmol/L对(6.32±1.32)mmol/L;t=5.898,P<0.001]、血尿素氮水平[(11.21±2.13)mmol/L对(7.98±2.34)mmol/L;t=7.293,P<0.001]、动脉血乳酸浓度[(3.98±0.12)mmol/L对(0.91±0.25)mmol/L;t=68.003,P<0.001]均显著高于非AKI组.多变量logistic回归分析示,在校正各种混杂因素后,NIHSS评分较高[优势比(odds ratio, OR) 1.910,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI) 1.517~6.012;P=0.024]、舒张压较高(OR 1.816,95% CI 1.652~3.876;P=0.018)、动脉血乳酸浓度(OR 1.553,95% CI 1.256~1.763;P=0.019)、应用脱水剂(甘露醇:OR 3.765,95% CI 2.081~9.658,P=0.017;呋塞米:OR 5.329,95% CI 3.085~8.763,P=0.010)、应用对比剂(OR 2.097,95% CI 1.364~2.456;P=0.031)以及对比剂>200 ml(OR 3.294,95% CI 1.464~2.786;P=0.021)是缺血性卒中患者AKI的独立危险因素.结论 NIHSS评分、舒张压、动脉血乳酸浓度、应用甘露醇和呋塞米以及应用对比剂和对比剂剂量>200 ml与缺血性卒中患者AKI独立相关.

Risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with acute ischemic stroke

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for acute renal injury (AKI) in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsPatients with ischemic stroke were enrolled retrospectively.The general clinical data, vascular risk factors, drug use, stroke etiological typing, stroke severity, and baseline biochemical indices were collected.They were divided into either an AKI group or a control group according to whether AKI occurred or not.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for occurring AKI in patients with ischemic stroke.ResultsA total of 214 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 32 (14.95%) had AKI and 182 (85.05%) did not have AKI.The proportions of patients in heart failure (62.50% vs.41.21%;χ2=4.998, P=0.025), mannitol use (87.50% vs.43.96%;χ2=20.643, P<0.001), furosemide use (87.50% vs.43.96%;χ2=20.643, P<0.001), contrast agent use (37.50% vs.19.23%;χ2=5.300, P=0.021), and contrast dosage >200 ml (28.13% vs.9.89%;χ2=6.637, P=0.010), as well as NIHSS score (18.0±4.5)vs.8.0±3.2;t=15.249, P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (89.98±9.1 mmHg vs.80.56±8.19 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;t=5.898, P<0.001), fasting blood-glucose (10.54±4.31 mmol/L vs.6.32±1.32 mmol/L;t=5.898, P<0.001), blood urea nitrogen level (11.21±2.13 mmol/L vs.7.98±2.34 mmol/L;t=7.293, P<0.001), and arterial lactate concentration (3.98±0.12 mmol/L vs.0.91±0.25 mmol/L;t=68.003, P<0.001) in the AKI group were significantly higher than those in the non-AKI group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting various confounding factors, higher NIHSS score (odds ratio [OR] 1.910,95% confidence interval[CI] 1.517-6.012;P=0.024), higher diastolic pressure (OR 1.816, 95% CI 1.652-3.876;P=0.018), arterial lactate concentration (OR 1.553, 95% CI 1.256-1.763;P=0.019), mannitol use (OR 3.765, 95% CI 2.081-9.658;P=0.017), furosemide use (OR 5.329, 95% CI 3.085-8.763 P=0.010), contrast agent use (OR 2.097, 95% CI 1.364-2.456;P=0.031), and contrast dosage >200 ml (OR 3.294, 95% CI 1.464-2.786;P=0.021) were the independent risk factors for AKI in patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionsThe NIHSS score, diastolic blood pressure, arterial lactate concentration,mannitol use, furosemide use, contrast agent use and contrast dosage >200 ml were associated with AKI in patients with ischemic stroke.