昆明小鼠对伯氏疟原虫的易感性和组织病理研究

目的探讨昆明小鼠对伯氏疟原虫（Plasmodium berghei）的易感性及其感染后的组织病理变化。方法 6周龄昆明小鼠腹腔接种1×106个感染伯氏疟原虫的红细胞,观察小鼠的生存时间及临床症状。感染后第2天开始每天采尾静脉血制作薄血膜片,Giemsa染色,计数血虫率。感染后第4天开始经肛门测小鼠体温。小鼠临死时取脑、肺、肝和脾组织,经10%中性福尔马林固定24h以上,脱水、包埋后制成4μm厚石蜡切片,苏木素-伊红染色,显微镜下观察各组织的病理变化。结果昆明小鼠腹腔接种感染伯氏疟原虫后的生存时间为8～21d;小鼠感染后第2天外周血可检出疟原虫,小鼠临死前血虫率达高峰;肉眼观察肝、脾体积增大,颜色变深,显微镜下见大量疟色素沉着,肝实质组织可见少量灶性炎性细胞聚集;脑和肺组织见感染疟原虫红细胞沉积在微血管壁,引起脑血管堵塞、大脑皮层出血灶和肺水肿、肺泡腔内炎性细胞渗出。结论昆明小鼠对伯氏疟原虫易感性较高,脑、肺、肝和脾组织均呈现出典型的疟疾病理特征,可作为研究疟原虫致病机制的动物模型。

The susceptibility of Kunming mice to Plasmodium berghei and their histopathological studies

Objective To study the susceptibility of Kunming （KM） mice to Plasmodium berghei ANKA and the histopathological changes in their brain, lung, liver and spleen tissues. Methods Six-week KM mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1×106 parasitized red blood cells （pRBC）. The survival time of each mouse was recorded..Thin blood films were made daily through tail blood from day 2 postinfection and stained with Giemsa,and the parasitemia was counted. The body temperature have measured through the anus since day 4 postinfection. When the experimental mice were sacrificed, the brain, lung, liver and spleen were removed and fixed with 10% neutral formaldehyde for more than 24 h. After dehydrated with absolute alcohol and absolute xylene for 24 h,.the tissues were embedded in paraffin. Four-micrometer-thick sections of the tissues from each mouse were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） and analyzed under a light microscopy. Results The survival time of KM mice were 8-21 days..Parasites appeared on day 2 postinfection and reached the peak when they were prior to death..The pRBCs adhered to capillary endothelium, haemorrhaging in the alveolar space and cerebral cortex,the block of blood vessel and leukocytic infitration were observed in both lungs and brains..The sizes of liver and spleen were increased and their colors were darker..Under light microscope, malarial pigments were observed in both liver, spleen, lung, and brain tissues, and mild infiltrations of inflammatory cells were also observed in livers. Conclusion KM mice were susceptible to P.berghei ANKA and their malarial histopathological changes were typical.Thus,KM mice can be used as a useful malarial model to study the pathologenesis of malaria disease.