1 410例儿童呼吸道感染病原体分析

目的了解儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原体及其感染特点。方法选取某院2011年1-12月因急性呼吸道感染收治住院的患儿1 410例，采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒（包括副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型，流感病毒A、B型，呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒），培养法检测细菌。分析不同月份、年龄段儿童病毒感染率及其合并细菌感染情况。结果1 410份标本中，共检出病毒阳性594份（42.13%），以呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒为主；检出细菌阳性258份（18.30%）。3、4、10、11月份病毒检出率较高（均＞50%），7-9月病毒检出率较低（22.89%~31.40%）；1～3岁组病毒检出率较高（58.04%），6～14岁组检出率较低（22.15%）。检出病毒混合感染阳性标本22份（1.56%）；单一病毒感染患儿合并细菌感染157例（27.45%）。流感病毒A、B型感染组合并细菌感染率较高，分别为47.06%、47.27%。结论儿童呼吸道病毒感染率与年龄和季节均相关；病毒感染后患儿合并细菌感染率较高，其中流感病毒A、B型感染更易合并细菌感染。

Analysis on pathogens in respiratory infection in 1 410 children

Objective To realize pathogens and infection characteristics of acute respiratory infections in children. Methods 1 410 hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection were selected from a hospital in 2011. Seven types of viruses（parainfluenza virus I , ]I and HI, Influenza virus A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovi- rus） were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay, bacteria were cultured. Viral infection rate in different months, different ages, and associated infection were analyzed. Results Of 1 410 specimens, 594 （42. 13%） were detected positive for virus, and the main viruses were respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus; 258 （18. 30%） specimens were detected positive for bacteria. Virus detection rates were high in March, April, October and November（all〉50%）, while low in July-September （22. 89% - 31.40%） ;Virus detection rate was high in 1 - 3 year age group（58. 04%）, while low in 6- 14 year age group （22. 15%）. Mixed virus were detected in 22 （1.56%） specimens, 157 children （27. 45%） had co-infection of single virus and bacteria. The co-infection rate of influenza virus A or B and bacteria was 47. 06%and 47.27% respectively. Conclusion Respiratory virus infection rate in children is associated with age and season. After viral infection, the associated bacterial infection is relatively higher, influenza＇virus A and B are more easily associated with bacterial infection.