胎盘生长因子在高危妊娠中的研究进展

妊娠是复杂的生理过程,胎盘通过营养、代谢、交换、内分泌等作用调节母儿循环,是母儿联系的桥梁,对胎儿的生长发育及母体生理机能改变起着重要的作用。胎盘的正常发育及良好的生理功能是维持妊娠及胎儿生长发育的先决条件。胎盘形成及功能异常与妊娠期高血压疾病(hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,HDP)、胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)、流产和唐氏综合征(Down′s syndrome,DS)等的发生密切相关。胎盘生长因子(placenta growth factor,PlGF)是丰富表达于胎盘的一种重要的生长因子,与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factors,VEGF)具有高度同源性,主要由滋养细胞和绒毛间质内皮细胞分泌,对滋养细胞增殖、活化及胎儿胎盘血管网形成起重要作用,故对PlGF进行深入研究对胎盘形成异常相关疾病的病因学研究及临床监测均具有重要意义。

Research Progress of Placental Growth Factor in High-Risk Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a complex physiological process. The placenta is the bridge between maternal and child and plays an important role in the growth and development of the fetus and change on maternal physiological function which regulates maternal and child circulation through nutrition, metabolism, exchange, endocrine and other functions. Normal development and physiological function of placenta are the preconditions to maintain pregnancy and fetal growth and development. Placental formation and dysfunction are closely related to the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), fetal growth restriction (FGR), abortion and Down′s syndrome (DS). Placental growth factor (PlGF) is an important growth factor which is richly expressed in placenta and has high homology with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PlGF is mainly secreted by trophoblast cells and villi interstitial endothelial cells and plays an important role in the proliferation, activation of trophoblast cells and the formation of fetal-placental vascular network. Therefore, in-depth study of PlGF is of great significance for etiological research and clinical monitoring on placenta formation abnormality related diseases.