弥散张量成像联合虚拟现实三维重建在功能区胶质瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)联合Dextroscope虚拟现实技术(virtual reality,VR)在功能区胶质瘤患者手术的作用。方法 回顾性纳入2015年1月至2019年1月北京大学第三医院经手术治疗的35例累及语言区及运动区的胶质瘤患者,术前将患者的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)、DTI、磁共振动脉成像(magnetic resonance arteriography,MRA)等数据输入Dextroscope虚拟现实系统中进行影像融合,重建神经纤维束、肿瘤、血管等重要结构,模拟操作并设计个体化手术方案,从而指导手术治疗,术后1周、1个月及3个月评估神经功能。结果 通过进行肿瘤及周围神经纤维束、血管、脑组织等结构的三维虚拟现实影像重建,可清晰判断纤维束位移与破坏,显示肿瘤与重要纤维束、动脉、静脉等的解剖关系。所有患者均成功完成虚拟现实的手术模拟与手术设计,所得三维影像与术中所见基本吻合。35例患者中,累及运动区10例,累及语言区14例,同时累及语言区和运动区11例,肿瘤影像学全部切除30例(85.7%),次全部切除5例(14.3%),术后神经功能改善34例(97.1%),1例较术前无改善(2.9%)。13例术前无神经功能缺失患者,术后出现一过性神经功能缺失,术后10 d左右恢复;22例术前存在神经功能缺失患者,其中12例患者术后1周评估时神经功能改善,9例患者术后1个月随访改善,1例运动区复发胶质母细胞瘤患者术后肢体活动障碍加重,术后2个月肿瘤再次复发因脑疝死亡。结论 应用Dextroscope虚拟现实系统三维重建肿瘤及周围神经纤维束、血管,通过解剖研究以及手术模拟,有助于个体化设计最佳手术方案,提高手术疗效。

Application of diffusion tensor imaging combined with virtual reality three-dimensional reconstruction in the operation of gliomas involved eloquent regions

Objective: To investigate the values of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and virtual reality(VR) techniques in design surgery program of gliomas near eloquent regions.Methods: In this study, 35 cases were retrospectively analyzed with gliomas involved language areas or rolandic regions operated in Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019. Surgery programs were performed by Dextroscope virtual reality system. The pre-operative data, such as the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA) and DTI was transferred into the VR computer for restitution,Tumors, neural fiber tracts and blood vessels were reconstructed to simulate operation and design individual surgical plan. Neurological function was evaluated 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.Results: Virtual reality three-dimensional images of the 35 cases were successfully achieved, including neural fiber tracts,blood vessels and the lesions. The displacement and destruction of fiber tracts,the anatomic relationship between tumor and important fiber bundle, artery and vein could be shown clearly. Surgical simulation and surgery program of VR of the 35 patients were successfully performed. The 3D images obtained from virtual reality near to the real surgery. Ten of the 35 cases were defined as rolandic regions tumors, 14 of the 35 cases were defined as language areas tumors and 11 of the 35 cases involved both language areas and rolandic regions. Complete resection of enhancing tumor (CRET) was achieved in 30 cases (85.7%), subtotal resection in 5 cases (14.3%), neurological function improved in 34 cases (97.1%) after operation,and 1 case had no improvement compared with that before(2.9%). Thirteen cases without neurological deficit pre-operation,showed transient neurological deficit ,which were recovered about 10 days post-operation, 12 of 22 cases with pre-operative neurologic deficit, improved one week postoperation, 9 of 22 cases with pre-operative neurologic deficit improved one month after operation, the rest 1 case was recurrent with glioblastoma with aggravated hemiplegia symptom after operation, who died of cerebral hernia 2 months later.Conclusion: Dextroscope virtual reality system can clearly expose and quantify the 3D anatomic relationship of tumors, neural fiber tracts and blood vessels surrounding gliomas near eloquent regions, which is helpful to design the best individualized surgery program, to improve surgical effect.