多模态影像融合技术与颅底-颞下区肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的:评价多模态影像融合技术联合计算机辅助设计在颅底-颞下区肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用及效果。方法:选择2011年2月至2018年9月于北京大学口腔医院诊治的颅底-颞下区肿瘤患者资料进行回顾性分析,共入选病例17例,术前所有患者进行平扫CT、增强CT及MRI影像扫描。在导航软件中将平扫CT、增强CT及MRI影像融合后,三维重建肿瘤、血管及颅颌面骨,计算机辅助设计手术方案,并联合导航引导下穿刺活检或手术,术后定期随访,分析患者资料,评价应用效果。结果:17例病例均取得满意的多模态影像融合,在同一帧图像上精确显示通过不同图像描记的病变、颅颌面骨及重要血管。联合计算机辅助三维重建及导航引导穿刺或手术设计,进行术前评估及手术方案设计,取得了良好的应用效果,尤其对肿瘤体积较小、复发及边界不清的病例效果显著。4例利用融合图像进行术前诊断与评估后行手术探查(无术中导航引导,其中3例手术切除,1例仅取活检), 3例行导航引导穿刺活检,12例行导航引导手术切除(其中2例先行导航穿刺活检)。所有患者均成功实施穿刺或手术,1例脑膜瘤复发患者术中出现脑脊液漏,1例腮腺深叶肿瘤患者术后面瘫,穿刺活检病理诊断阳性率为100%(3/3)。手术切除的15例经术中导航检查及术后影像验证显示完全切除14例,次全切除1例,术后随访3~94个月(中位随访时间9个月)。结论:充分利用多模态影像优势,准确分析肿瘤、血管及颅颌面骨的三维空间位置关系,有助于颅底-颞下区肿瘤的术前规划,联合导航技术可进一步提高穿刺活检及手术治疗的精准性和安全性。

Multimodal image fusion technology for diagnosis and treatment of the skull base-infratemporal tumors

Objective: To explore the value of incorporated multimodal image fusion technology with computer-aided design of the skull base-infratemporal tumor treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to enroll seventeen patients with skull base-infratemporal tumors treated at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from February 2011 to September 2018. Plain CT, enhanced CT and MRI data were imported into the iPlan 3.0 software (BrainLab navigation system), and the image fusion was performed for each patient preoperatively. Then the three-dimensional images of the tumor, vital vessels and craniofacial bones were reconstructed to prepare virtual operation design. We evaluated the application of multimodal image fusion technology that had been incorporated with computer-aided planning during the navigation-guided biopsy or surgery, through the analysis of the biopsy and operation data and re-gular follow-up postoperatively. Results: The mean age of 17 patients (7 males and 10 females) was 46 years. Primary tumors occurred in 11 cases, and recurrent tumors in 6 cases. The size of the 17 tumors ranged from 2.9 cm to 9 cm, and the mean size was 4.35 cm. There were 7 cases with skull base bone destruction and/or intracranial extension, and 10 cases with tumors adjacent to the skull base. High-quality multimodal fused images were obtained in all the 17 cases. The spatial-position relationships of the tumors, adjacent craniomaxillofacial bones and vital vessels labeled with different colors were displayed well on the generated fusion images. The multimodal image fusion technology that incorporated with computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction and then applied in navigation-guided biopsy or surgery showed that, preoperative analysis and virtual operation design functioned with good results, especially in cases with small tumor size, recurrence or ill-defined borders in the skull base-infratemporal region. Operation was carried out in 16 cases after preoperative diagnosis and assessment, and 1 case was performed by navigation-guided biopsy only. The proportions of navigation-guided surgery and biopsy were 70.6% (12/17) and 17.6% (3/17) individually. The positive rate of pathologic diagnosis using navigation-guided biopsy was 100% (3/3). All the navigation-guided biopsies or operations were carried out successfully. Complications included 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leak from a recurred meningioma patient postoperatively, and 1 case of facial paralysis resulting from parotid-gland deep lobe tumor. Most (14/15) tumors got complete removal with safe boundary through intra-operative navigation verification and post-operative imaging confirmation, except for one case of subtotal resection to avoid the injury of cavernous sinus. The pathological results of the tumors could be classified to mesenchymal (10), adenogenous (3), neurogenic (3) or epithelial (1) resources. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 94 months, with the median follow-up time of 9 months. Conclusion:Taking full advantages of individualized multimodal images, could help analyze the three-dimensional spatial position relationship of tumors, vital vessels and craniofacial bones properly, and then complete the virtual operation design well. The incorporated multimodal image fusion technology with navigation technology may improve the accuracy and safety of core needle biopsy and surgical treatment of skull base-infratemporal tumors.