高住高练低训对足球运动员红细胞CD35数量及活性变化的影响

目的:通过观察4周模拟海拔3000米高住高练低训(HiHiLo)过程中红细胞CD35数量及红细胞C3bRR、ICR的变化,探讨HiHiLo对机体红细胞CD35数量及活性的影响。方法:将16名足球专项运动员随机分为实验组(高住高练低训)和对照组(低住低训)。实验组每晚入住低氧房(O2浓度14.2%,相当于海拔3000米高度)10小时,每周2次低氧房内72%VO2max蹬功率自行车运动30分钟;对照组每周2次正常条件下80%VO2max蹬功率自行车运动30分钟。两组每周同时进行3次由同一教练执导的专项训练。实验期共4周。分别于实验前、入住低氧房10小时、实验2周末、3周末和4周末清晨抽取受试者肘静脉血,采用流式细胞仪检测红细胞CD35几何平均荧光强度,采用红细胞免疫花环试验检测红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)。结果:实验4周后,实验组和对照组CD35数量较实验前分别下降了4.9%和10.5%(P<0.05),红细胞C3b受体花环率较实验前分别下降了16.7%和24.9%(P<0.01),红细胞IC花环率较实验前分别升高了29.9%(P<0.05)和32.4%。结果表明:(1)HiHiLo对人体红细胞CD35数量的影响不如对红细胞CD35活性的影响明显;(2)HiHiLo影响RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR较低住低训更明显,HiHiLo3周后实验组运动员出现临床上的继发性免疫低下现象,4周末有所好转。

The Effect of Living High - Exercising High - Training Low on the Number and Activity of Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) in Soccer Players

Objective To observe the changes in the number and activity of erythrocyte complement receptor 1 in athletes during living high-exercise high-training low (HiHiLo).Methods Sixteen male college soccer players were divided into two groups randomly: HiHiLo group (n=8, trained at sea level and lived in norm baric hypoxic rooms with O_2 concentration of 14.2%, simulating at altitude of 3000m for 4 weeks, 10h/d, 7d/wk, additionally exercised on the cycle ergometer at 72%VO_2max in hypoxic rooms, 30 min/time,2 times/week) and control group (n=8, trained and lived at sea level, exercised on the cycle ergometer at 80%VO_2max). The number and the activity of complement receptor 1 in athletes were tested. Resuits Compared with that before exposure, the number of erythrocyte complement receptor 1 in HiHiLo group and control group descended 4.9% and 10.5%, respectively, after four weeks of experiment(P<0.05), rosette forming RBC-C_ 3b receptor rate in HiHiLo group and control group descended 16.7% and 24.9%, respectively (P<0.01) and rosette forming RBC-IC rate in HiHiLo group and control group increased 29.9%, and 32.4%, respectively (P<0.05)Conclusion Although there was no significant change in the number of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 in HiHiLo group and control group, the changes in red blood cell nature immune activity were evidently different between the two groups. During 3rd week of HiHiLo, the red blood cell immune activity in HiHiLo group showed a secondary decline clinically as compared with that before hypoxic exposure.