长沙市2家铸造企业呋喃树脂砂职业暴露健康损害流行病学队列研究

目的探讨长沙市2家铸造企业呋喃树脂砂职业危害特征、接触水平及其对暴露人群健康的影响。方法采用队列研究方法，分析观察期内现场流行病学调查资料、危害检测资料和健康效应资料，比较暴露与非暴露2组之间观察指标变化的差异。结果工作场所中沉降尘游离SiO2含量均值为22．67％，总粉尘浓度均值为21．34mg／m^3，样本超标率为69．73％；空气中主要化学物质浓度符合国家职业接触限值。健康检查结果显示，神经衰弱症状、呼吸道刺激症状、接触性皮炎、胸片x线片显示两肺不规则阴影增多等，暴露组均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；肺通气功能损伤暴露组明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论连续系统观察25年未发现尘肺病和职业中毒。树脂砂粉尘能否引起尘肺病以及长期接触低浓度剂量、多种化学物质的联合作用对人体健康效应有待进一步研究。

An epidemiological cohort study on health damage of occupational exposure to furan resin sand in two foundry enterprises in Changsha City

[ Objective] To explore the occupational hazard characteristics, exposure level and health damage of furan resin sand in two foundry enterprises in Changsha City. [ Methods ] By using the epidemiological cohort study, the data of epidemiological survey, damage detection and health effect during observation period were analyzed, and differences in indexes between exposure group and non-exposure group were compared. [ Results] The mean value of dust free SiO2 in workplace was 22.67%, the mean value of total dust concentration was 21.34 mg/m3 , and the exceeding standard rate was 69.73%. The concentrations of main chemical sub-stances in air accorded with national occupational exposure limits. The results of health examination showed that the detection rates of neurasthenia symptoms, respiratory tract irritation symptoms, contact dermatitis, and increased irregular opacities in the chest ra-diographs in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the non-exposure group （ P 〈 0.01 ）, while the incidence rate of pulmonary ventilation function damage in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the non-exposure group （P 〈 0. 01 ）. [ Conclusion ] The pneumoconiosis and occupational poisoning have not been observed by a continuous and systemic investigation for 25 years. Whether resin sand dust can cause pneumoconiosis, the dose of long-term low-concentration exposure,and combined effect of a variety of chemical substances on human health need further research.