PM10和PM2.5与人类健康效应关系的研究进展

悬浮在空气中的颗粒物,按其空气动力学直径的大小,可分为PM10和PM2.5。2006年,WHO推荐用PM2.5代替PM10作为空气颗粒物浓度的指标。大气颗粒物（PM2.5）中主要包含有机碳、元素碳及碳酸盐碳。建筑扬尘、土壤尘、民用污染（燃煤）和交通污染（机动车尾气排放）为主要来源。北京、上海、西安日PM2.5和PM10日超标浓度皆较高。风速与春季和冬季的PM2.5质量浓度之间呈负相关,PM2.5质量浓度随空气相对湿度增加而增大,相对湿度与PM2.5质量浓度之间有正相关;温度与PM2.5质量浓度之间则无明显相关性。大气PM2.5浓度的升高会引起全死因疾病死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率的增加。大气PM2.5浓度的升高与心血管疾病有关。建议采取加大环境污染企业的治理力度,此外应该降低大城市汽车数量。

Research progress on the relationship between PM10, PM2.5 and human health efficacy

Suspended particulate matters in the air are classified into PM10 and PM：.5 by the size of their aerodynamic diameter. In 2006, WHO recommended PM2.5 instead of PM10 as the index of concentration of air particulate matters. PM2.5 mainly includes organic carbon i elemental carbon and carbonate carbon. Construction dust, soil dust, civil pollution { coal} and traffic pollution （ vehicle emissions} are the main resource. Excessive concentrations of daily PM10 and PM2.5 are higher in Beijing, Shanghai and Xi＇ an. Wind speed has negative correlation with PM2.5 mass concentration in spring and winter. PM2.5 mass concentration increases with the increasing of the air relative humidity, and the air relative humidity is positively related to PM2.5 mass concentration. There is no significant correlation between temperature and PM2.5 mass concentration. Increase of PM2.5 concentration can increase the mortalities from all causes and from cardiovascular disease, and it is related with cardiovascular disease. It is suggested that government should strengthen pollution control and decrease the number of vehicles in large cities.