Transplantation of renal primordia: renal organogenesis |
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Authors: | Marc R Hammerman |
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Institution: | (1) Renal Division, Departments of Medicine, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8126, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA |
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Abstract: | Dialysis and allotransplantation of human kidneys represent effective therapies to replace kidney function, but the former
replaces only a small component of renal function, and the latter is limited by lack of organ availability. Xenotransplantation
of whole kidneys from nonprimate donors is complicated by humoral and severe cellular rejection. The use of individual cells
or groups of cells to repair damaged tissue (cellular therapies) offers an alternative for renal tissue replacement. However,
recapitulation of complex functions such glomerular filtration and reabsorption and secretion of solutes that are dependent
on a three-dimensionally integrated kidney structure are beyond the scope of most cellular replacement therapies. The use
of nonvascularized embryonic renal primordia for transplantation circumvents humoral rejection of xenogeneic tissue and ameliorates
cellular rejection. Renal primordia are preprogrammed to attract a vasculature and differentiate into a kidney and in this
manner undergo organogenesis after transplantation into the mesentery of hosts. Here we review a decade’s progress in renal
organogenesis. |
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Keywords: | Cellular therapy Chronic renal failure Metanephros Stem cells Xenotransplantation |
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