蛛网膜颗粒的研究进展

目的 总结蛛网膜颗粒(AG)的相关研究进展,为临床更好地开展AG的研究提供理论依据。方法 以“蛛网膜颗粒”“蛛网膜绒毛”“颅内高压”“脑静脉窦血栓”和“arachnoid granulation”“arachnoid villi”“intracranial hypertension”“cerebral venous sinus thrombosis”等为关键词分别在中国知网、万方数据库和PubMed等数据库检索1960年1月—2018年9月关于AG或蛛网膜绒毛的文献,并对AG的组织学特点、解剖形态、影像学研究及其在相关脑血管疾病发生中的作用等方面的研究成果进行归纳分析。结果 AG是蛛网膜绒毛增大形成的肉眼可见的正常解剖结构,两者的组成部分和功能相似。AG最常出现在上矢状窦,其次是横窦。巨大AG(＞10 mm)可引起静脉窦堵塞、颅内高压、甚至颅骨的外压型改变等。脑静脉血管造影是观察AG的优选方法,可结合CT、MRI等与相关性脑血管疾病鉴别诊断。结论 熟练掌握AG的组织解剖结构及影像学表现是研究临床病理状态下AG变化的重要基础。

Research progress of arachnoid granulation

Objective To summarize the research progress of arachnoid granules(AG) and to provide theoretical basis for clinical research on arachnoid granulation.Methods Databases including PubMed and WanFang, CNKI Data were electronically searched with “arachnoid granulation”“arachnoid villi”“intracranial hypertension”“cerebral venous sinus thrombosis” in Chinese and English as the key words to collect the relevant studies from January 1960 to September 2018.Results AG are normal, macroscopically visible structures of arachnoid villus enlargement with similar components and functions.AG is most commonly found in the superior sagittal sinus, followed by the transverse sinus.Giant AG(＞10 mm) can cause sinus occlusion, intracranial hypertension, and even changes in the external pressure pattern of the skull.Cerebral venous angiography is the preferred method to observe AG, which can be combined with CT, MRI and other related cerebrovascular diseases for differential diagnosis.Conclusions Proficiency in the anatomical structure and imaging features of arachnoid granulation is an important basis for studying the changes of arachnoid granulation under clinical and pathological conditions.