When, why, and how to examine the heart during thoracic CT: Part 2, clinical applications

OBJECTIVE: CT examination of the thorax is often requested for the investigation of disorders that may have an important underlying cardiac cause or association that is not clinically obvious. Conditions such as idiopathic and acquired cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and valvular dysfunction may underlie symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis that prompt the request for CT of the thorax. Other conditions such as pulmonary thromboembolic disease, chronic obstructive airways disease, pectus excavatum, sleep apnea, and many intrathoracic malignancies may have an important effect on cardiac structure and function. Patients undergoing thoracic surgery may have unsuspected coronary artery disease that can be detected in the course of preoperative evaluation by CT; similarly, postoperative complications often have a cardiogenic basis. CONCLUSION: Examination of the heart in the course of CT of the chest often can provide important and clinically relevant information that is not otherwise easily available.